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基本説明
Included here is a discussion of the pathophysiological aspects and risks of laparoscopic staging (such as trocar metastases) on the basis of international experience.
Full Description
Included here is a discussion of the pathophysiological aspects and risks of laparoscopic staging (such as trocar metastases) on the basis of international experience.
Contents
Basic Aspects.- Technical Aspects of Pneumoperitoneum and Gasless Laparoscopy.- Laparoscopy with Pneumoperitoneum.- Gas.- Gas Pressure.- Complications of Laparoscopy with Pneumoperitoneum.- Laparoscopic Surgery Without Pneumoperitoneum.- Intra-abdominal Retraction Systems.- Subcutaneous Retraction Systems.- References.- Equipment and Strategies of Staging Laparoscopy.- Historical Perspective.- Set-Up and Equipment.- Future Directions.- References.- Pathophysiological Aspects of the Pneumoperitoneum.- Historical Aspects.- Complications During Laparoscopic Procedures.- Changes in Hepatoportal Blood Flow.- Changes in Renal Blood Flow and Function.- Alterations of the Cardiopulmonary System.- Hemodynamic Changes to the Lower Limbs.- References.- Risk of Port Site Métastases.- Literature Review.- International Survey.- Metastases of Nonapparent Gallbladder Cancer.- Metastases of Colorectal Cancer.- Metastases of Other Carcinomas.- Discussion.- References.- Results and Strategies of Clinical Applications: Gastrointestinal Tract.- Staging Laparoscopy for Esophageal Cancer.- General Therapeutic Approach to Esophageal Cancer.- Staging Methods and Requirements.- Operative Technique of Staging Laparoscopy for Esophageal Cancer.- The Sequence of Explorative Steps.- Regions of Interest.- Assessment of Resectability.- Assessment of Visuable Lesions.- Peritoneal Spread.- Assessment of Nonvisuable Lesions.- Lymph Node Metastases.- Liver.- References.- The Role of Laparoscopy in the Staging of Gastric Cancer.- Technique.- Results.- Hospital Stay, Morbidity, and Mortality.- Economic Considerations.- Distal Esophagus and Gastroesophageal Junction.- T Stage (category).- N Stage (category).- M Stage (category).- Distal Cancers.- Resectability.- T Stage (category).- N Stage (category).- M Stage (category).- Peritoneal Cytology.- Optimal Staging Technique in Gastric Cancer.- The Effect of Laparoscopic Staging on Tumor Management.- Conclusions.- References.- Extended Diagnostic Laparoscopy in Gastric Cancer.- Indication for EDL in Gastric Cancer.- Technique.- Practical Aspects of EDL.- Diagnostic Yield of EDL.- Modification of the Tumor Stage by Laparoscopy.- Inspection of the Lesser Sac.- Laparoscopic Ultrasound.- Detection of Liver Metastases.- Assessment of Peritoneal Spread.- Infliction of Adjacent Organs.- Comparison of Prelaparoscopic and Laparoscopic Staging with Intraoperative Findings.- Discussion.- References.- Laparoscopic Staging for Pancreatic Malignancy.- Goal of Laparoscopic Staging.- The Role of CT in the Staging of Pancreatic Malignancy.- The Early Experience with Laparoscopy for Pancreatic Malignancy.- The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Experience.- Management Algorithm.- The Technique of Extended Laparoscopic Staging.- Laparoscopic Ultrasound.- Palliative Bypass.- Is There a Role for Prophylactic Bypass?.- Length of Stay.- Cost of Laparoscopic Staging.- Summary.- References.- Laparoscopic Ultrasonography for Staging of Gastrointestinal Cancer.- Equipment.- Examination Technique.- Results.- Gastroesophageal Cancer.- Pancreatic Cancer.- Hepatic Metastases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.- Summary.- References.- Further Results and Strategies of Clinical Application.- Contribution to Initial Staging and Assessment of Treatment Results in Gynecologic Cancers.- Overview.- Ovarian Neoplasms.- Adnexal Mass.- Preoperative Evaluation.- Reproductive-Age Patients.- Postmenopausal Patients.- Second-Look Laparoscopy.- Cervical Neoplasms.- Laparoscopy in the Treatment of Early-Stage Disease.- Laparoscopically Assisted Radical Vaginal Hysterectomy.- Laparoscopic Radical Hysterectomy.- Laparoscopic Staging of Advanced-Stage Disease.- Endometrial Neoplasms.- Laparoscopically Assisted Surgical Staging.- Complications.- Conclusion.- References.- Indications in Urologic Tumors.- Laparoscopy in Urologic Oncology.- Laparoscopy and Prostate Cancer.- Laparoscopic Node Dissection: Applications in Other Malignancies.- Testicular Cancer.- Laparoscopy and the Kidney.- References.- Is There Any Role for the Laparoscopic Staging of Urologie Malignancies?.- Prostate Cancer.- Technique of Laparoscopic Pelvic Lymphadenectomy.- Testicular Cancer.- Technique of Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy.- Role of Laparoscopy for Staging of Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder and Upper Urinary Tract.- Renal Cancer.- Penile Cancer.- Discussion.- Role of Laparoscopy for Staging of Prostate Cancer.- Role of Laparoscopy for Staging of Testicular Cancer.- Role of Laparoscopy for Staging of Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder and Upper Urinary Tract.- Conclusions.- References.- Impact of Laparoscopy in Malignant Lymphomas.- and Background.- Role of Laparoscopy in Diagnosis.- Laparoscopic Biopsy After Previous Attempts.- Staging.- Residual Disease.- Impact on Treatment.- Technical Aspects.- Conclusion and Future Directions.- References.
