Full Description
This book, entitled Mathematical Simulation in Glass Technology, is one of a series reporting on research and development activities on products and processes conducted by the Schott Group. The scientifically founded development of new products and technical pro cesses has traditionally been of vital importance to Schott and has always been performed on a scale determined by the prospects for application of our special glasses. Since the reconstruction of the Schott Glaswerke in Mainz, the scale has increased enormously. The range of expert knowledge required could never have been supplied by Schott alone. It is also a tradition in our company to cultivate collaboration with customers, universities, and research institutes. Publications in numerous technical journals, which since 1969 we have edited to a regular schedule as Forschungsberichte - "research reports" - describe the results of these cooperations. They contain up-to-date infor mation on various topics for the expert but are not suited as survey material for those whose standpoint is more remote. This is the point where we would like to place our series, to stimulate the exchange of thoughts, so that we can consider from different points of view the possibilities offered by those incredibly versatile materials, glass and glass ceramics. We would like to share the knowledge won through our research and development at Schott in cooperation with the users of our materials with scientists and engineers, interested customers and friends, and with the employees of our firm.
Contents
Overview.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Systematics and Boundary Conditions of This Book.- 1.3 Some Important 3D Continuum Equations.- References.- 2. Melting and Fining.- 2.1 Modeling of the Melting Process in Industrial Glass Furnaces.- 2.2 Mathematical Modeling of Batch Melting in Glass Tanks.- 2.3 High-Frequency Melting of Glass in Crucibles.- 2.4 Model-Based Glass Melter Control.- References.- 3. Homogenizing and Conditioning.- 3.1 The Intensity of Mixing Processes.- 3.2 Instabilities and Stabilization of Glass Pipe Flows.- 3.3 Shape Optimization of Flanges.- References.- 4. Shaping at Low Viscosities.- 4.1 Heat Transfer Between Glass and Mold During Hot Forming.- 4.2 Remote Spectral Temperature Profile Sensing.- 4.3 Heat Transfer During Casting Experiments.- 4.4 Thin-Layer Flows of Glass.- 4.5 Pressing of Drinking-Glass Stems.- 4.6 The Use of Remeshing Methods in Pressing Simulations.- 4.7 Chill Ripples in Pressing and Casting Processes.- References.- 5. Reshaping at High Viscosities.- 5.1 Temperature-Dependent Elasticity in Reshaping Simulations.- 5.2 Sagging and Pressing of Glass Sheets.- 5.3 Calibration of Glass Tubes.- 6. Thermal Treatment.- 6.1 Verification of Relaxation Models.- 6.2 Stresses and Crack Growth in Continuously Formed Slabs.- 6.3 Thermal Tempering of Drinking Glasses.- 7. Post-Processing by Laser Cutting.- 7.1 Rough Estimation of Process Parameters.- 7.2 Numerical Analysis of Cutting Processes.- 7.3 Practical Realization.- 7.4 Appendix: Fundamentals of Fracture Mechanics.- 8. Glass Products Under Mechanical and Thermal Loads.- 8.1 Strength Optimization of Airbag Igniters.- 8.2 Stiffness and Weight Optimization of a Reticle Stage for Optical Lithography.- References.- 9. Simulation and Test of the Spinning Process Applied to Platinum Metals.- 9.1 Necessity to Shape Materials.- 9.2 Qualitative Description of the Spinning Process.- 9.3 Essential Assumptions for the Modeling of the Spinning Process.- 9.4 General Relations for the Model of the Spinning Process.- 9.5 Approximations.- 9.6 A Practical Example for the First and Second Approximations.- 9.7 Experimental Observations and Discussion.- References.- List of Contributors.- Sources of Figures and Tables.
