Full Description
"Rule IV. There is need of a method for finding out the truth. Rule V. Method consists entirely in the order and disposition of the objects toward which our mental vision must be directed if we would find out any truth. We shall comply with it exactly if we reduce involved and obscure propositions step be step to those that are s- pler, and then starting with the intuitive apprehension of all those that are absolutely simple, attempt to ascend to the knowledge of all others by precisely similar steps. " —Rene Descartes, Rules for the Direction of Mind "...Perhaps he would sooner satisfy himself by resolving light into colours as far as may be done by Art, and then by examining the properties of those colours apart, and afterwards by trying the effects of reconjoyning two or more or all of those, and lastly by separating them again to examine what changes that reconjunction had wrought in them. This will prove a tedious and difficult task to do it as it ought to be done but I could not be satisfied till I had gone through it. " —From Newton's letter, quoted in The Life of Isaac Newton by Richard Westfall. Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Contents
Optimizing The Usage of Models Renal Disease.- Standards of Animal Care in Biological Experiments.- Models of Polycystic Kidney Disease.- Rat Models of the Metabolic Syndrome.- Models of Glomerulonephritis.- Choices of Imaging Techniques in Studies of Renal Disease.- Functional Studies of the Kidney with Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- Use of Radionuclides to Study Renal Function.- Intravital Videomicroscopy.- Confocal and Two-Photon Microscopy.- Atomic Force Microscopy in Renal Physiology.- Freeze-Fracture Analysis of Renal-Epithelial Tight Junctions.- Studies of Renal Development.- Organ Culture of Intact Metanephric Kidneys.- The Ureteric Bud.- Studies of Cell Lineage in the Developing Kidney.- Transient Transfection Assays for Analysis of Signal Transduction in Renal Cells.- Approaches to Study Molecular Mechanisms of Disease.- The Study of Gene Polymorphisms.- Laser-Capture Microdissection.- Serial Analysis of Gene Expression.- RNA Labeling and Hybridization of DNA Microarrays.- Gene-Expression Analysis of Microdissected Renal Biopsies.- The Use of SELDI ProteinChip® Array Technology in Renal Disease Research.- Technical Means to Assess Functional Correlates of Disease.- Clearance Studies in Genetically Altered Mice.- Long-Term Blood-Pressure Monitoring in Unrestrained Animals.- In Vitro Studies on Renin Release.- Mitochondrial Function.- Detection of Cysteine S-Nitrosylation and Tyrosine 3-Nitration in Kidney Proteins.- Products of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism.- Methods for Measurements of Heme Oxygenase (HO) Isoforms-Mediated Synthesis of Carbon Monoxide and HO-1 and HO-2 Proteins.- The Juxtamedullary Nephron Preparation.- Tubuloglomerular Feedback.- Microdissected Perfused Vessels.- Renal Microperfusion Techniques.- How to Design a Clinical Trial.- Mapping theDisease.
