基本説明
Develops a theory of non-projecting words in which particles are morphologically independent words that do not project phrases.
Full Description
Focusing primarily on Swedish, a Germanic language whose particles have not previously been studied extensively, Non-Projecting Words: A Case Study on Swedish Particles develops a theory of non-projecting words in which particles are morphologically independent words that do not project phrases.
Particles have long constituted a puzzle for Germanic syntax, as they exhibit properties of both morphological and syntactic constructs. Although non-projecting words have appeared in the literature before, it has gone largely unnoticed that such structures violate the basic tenets of X-bar theory. This work identifies these violations and develops a formally explicit revision of X-bar theory that can accommodate the requisite "weak" projections.
The resulting theory, stated in terms of Lexical-Functional Grammar, also yields a novel classification of clitics, and it sheds new light on a range of recent theoretical proposals, including economy, multi-word constructions, and the primitives of lexical semantics. At an abstract level, we see that the modular, parallel-projection architecture of LFG is essential to the description of a variety of otherwise recalcitrant facts about non-projecting words.
Contents
1. Introduction.- 1. Particles And X'-Theory.- 2. Swedish Clause Structure.- 3. Overview.- 2. Empirical Motivation.- 1. Particles As Non-Projecting Words.- 2. Arguments Against An XP Analysis.- 3. Arguments Against A Morphological Analysis.- 4. Particles and Clitics.- 5. Summary.- 3. Phrase Structure.- 1. Introduction.- 2. X'-Structure.- 3. X'-Principles.- 4. C-Structure To F-Structure Mappings.- 5. Linear Order.- 6. Economy of Expression.- 7. Summary of The C-Structure Theory.- 9. Conclusion.- 4. Verbal Particles In The Swedish VP.- 1. The C-Structure..- 2. The Structure-Function Mapping.- 3. Head-Adjunction.- 4. Recursion.- 5. Economy And Swedish Particles.- 6. Word Order: Apparent Problems.- 7. Summary.- 5. The Meaning of Swedish Particles.- 1. Resultsative Particles.- 2. Aspectual Particles.- 3. Idiomatic Verb-Particle Combinations.- 4. Summary.- 6. Other Germanic Languages.- 1. Danish.- 2. German.- 3. English.- 4. The Complex Particle Construction.- 5. An Overview of Germanic Particles.- 7. Conclusion.- 1. X'-Theory.- 2. Economy Of Expression.- 3. The Structure-Function Mapping.- 4. Resultative Predication.- 5. Clitics.- 6. Summary.- Appendix A. Economy of Expression.- 1. The Economy Principle.- 2. Economy and Swedish Clause Structure.- 2.1. Object shift.- 2.2. V2 and Economy.- References.- Index Of Names.- Index Of Subjects.
