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Full Description
In an lUlffianaged woodland, forest development follows a succession of periods of undisturbed natural growth, interrupted by intermediate loss or damage of trees caused by fire or wind or other natural hazards. In a managed woodland, the most important periodic disturbances are the thinning operations, which are often carried out at regular intervals and which usually have a significant effect on the future evolution of the resource. Thus, a realistic model of forest development includes both natural growth and thinnings. The key to successful timber management is a proper understanding of growth processes, and one of the objectives of modelling forest development is to provide the tools that enable foresters to compare alternative silvicultural treatments. Foresters need to be able to anticipate the consequences of a particular thinning operation. In most cases, total timber volume is not a very appropriate measure for quantifying growth or yields, or changes caused by thinning operations. Yield in economic terms is defined by the dimensions and quality attributes of the harvestable logs, and estimating timber products is a central issue of production-oriented growth and yield research. Introduction 2 Growth modelling is also an essential prerequisite for evaluating the consequences of a particular management action on the future development of an important natural resource, such as a woodland ecosystem.
Contents
1 Introduction.- Types of Forest Models.- Data Requirements.- 2 Projecting Regional Timber Resources.- Empirieal Yield Functions.- Yield Functions based on MAI Estimates.- 3 Modelling Stand Development.- Height.- Basal Area.- Potential Density.- State-Space Models.- Stand Volume and Product Yields.- Thinning Models.- 4 Size Class Models.- Diameter Growth.- Diameter-Height Relations.- Estimating Product Yields.- Modelling Thinnings.- 5 Individual Tree Growth.- Generating Spatial Structures.- Competition Indices.- Spatial Growth Models.- Spatial Thinning Models.- 6 Model Evaluation.- Qualitative Evaluations.- Quantitative Evaluations.- List of Symbols.- Literature.
