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Full Description
Traditionally the study of chemical principles as they relate to soil has been limited to the field of agronomics. Soil and Water Chemistry: An Integrative Approach, stands alone because it balances agricultural and environmental perspectives in its analysis of the chemical properties and processes that affect organic and inorganic soil substances. Written for soil science practitioners, researchers, and students, this book provides a comprehensive treatment of soil composition and reactions. Topics include: clay mineralogy, soil organic matter, mineral weathering and stability, ion speciation, solubility, ion exchange, adsorption, oxidation-reduction, acidity, alkalinity, and salinity. Each chapter concludes with numerous exercises that emphasize concepts and have practical, real-world applications.
Contents
Contents THE SOIL CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT: AN OVERVIEW Phases and Chemical Processes in Soil Elements in the Soil Environment: Their Concentrations and Important Species Units and Conversions Heterogeneity of Soil Chemical Characteristics SOIL MINERALS Chemical Bonds Pauling's Rules Silicate Classes Clay Mineralogy Division 1:1 Phyllosilicate Minerals Division 2:1 Phyllosilicate Minerals Hydrous Metal Oxides X-Ray Diffraction Analysis CHEMICAL WEATHERING Hydrolysis and Oxidation Balancing Chemical Reactions Mineral Stability: Primary Silicates in the Sand- and Silt-Sized Fractions Mineral Stability: Clay-Size Fraction Weathering and Formation Characteristics of the Phyllosilicates Determination of Soil Organic Carbon Concentrations Organic Functional Groups: a Review Nonhumic Substances Humic Substances Genesis of Humic Substances Chemical and Structural Characteristics of Humic Substances SOIL WATER CHEMISTRY Nature of Water Ion Hydration Electrolyte Solutions Hydrolysis of Cations Lowry-Bronsted Acids and Bases Complex Ions and Ion Pairs The ion association model Ion Speciation in Soil Solutions Qualitative Aspects of Ion Speciation Soil Solution Sampling Methodologies Methods of Chemical Analysis: Elemental Analysis MINERAL SOLUBILITY Mineral Solubility: Basic Principles Application of Mineral Solubility Principles: Impediments The Deviation of Ksp from Kdis Mineral Solubility and Solution Composition Stability Diagrams Predicting Solution Composition SURFACE CHEMISTRY AND ADSORPTION REACTIONS Surface Functional Groups and Complexes The Solid-Solution Interface: a Microscopic View Quantitative Description of Adsorption Specific Retention of Metals and Ligands Ligand Effects on Metal Adsorption Organic Surface Functional Groups and Organic Molecular Retention Mechanisms Surface Complexation Models CATION EXCHANGE Cation Exchange: a Beginning for Soil Chemistry Qualitative aspects of Cation Exchange Cation Exchange Capacity and Exchange Phase Composition Quantitative Description of Cation Exchange The Electron Activity Redox Potential Measurements Redox Status in Soils Measurement of Soil Solution pH Chemical and Biochemical Processes that Influence Soil Solution pH Acid-Neutralizing Capacity and the Quantification of Soil Acidity Neutralization of Soil Acidity Acid Generation and Management in Mine Spoils: the Oxidation of Pyrite SOIL SALINITY AND SODICITY Sources of Salts Diagnostic Characteristics of Saline and Sodic Soils Irrigation Water Quality Parameters and Relationships Genesis, Management, and Reclamation of Salt-Affected Soils
