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Full Description
From Fanatics to Folk rejects conventional understandings of Brazilian millenarianism as exceptional and self-defeating. Considering millenarianism over the long sweep of Brazilian history, Patricia R. Pessar shows it to have been both dominant discourse and popular culture—at different times the inspiration for colonial conquest, for backlanders' resistance to a modernizing church and state, and for the nostalgic appropriation by today's elites in pursuit of "traditional" folklore and "authentic" expressions of faith. Pessar focuses on Santa Brígida, a Northeast Brazilian millenarian movement begun in the 1930s. She examines the movement from its founding by Pedro Batista—initially disparaged as a charlatan by the backland elite and later celebrated as a modernizer, patriot, and benefactor—through the contemporary struggles of its followers to maintain their transgressive religious beliefs in the face of increased attention from politicians, clergy, journalists, filmmakers, researchers, and museum curators.Pessar combines cultural history spanning the colonial period to the present; comparative case studies of the Canudos, Contestado, Juazeiro, and Santa Brígida movements; and three decades of ethnographic research in the Brazilian Northeast. Highlighting the involvement of a broad range of individuals and institutions, the cross-fertilization between movements, contestation and accommodation vis-à-vis the church and state, and matters of spirituality and faith, From Fanatics to Folk reveals Brazilian millenarianism as long-enduring and constantly in flux.
Contents
List of Illustrations ix
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction 1
1 The World Turned Upside Down: The Origins of the Canudos, Contestado, and Juazeiro Movements 15
2 The Povo Make a Saint 37
3 The Coronel and the Beato 67
4 "Work Like You're Going to Live Forever and Pray Like You're Going to Die Today" 97
5 Pedro Batista "Moves On" and the King Attempts to Claim the Throne 135
6 A Romaria Se Acabou (The Romaria Is Over) 153
7 Constituting the Romeiros into "Traditional" Folk 185
Conclusion 225
Postscript 233
Notes 235
Bibliograaphy 251
Index 263