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基本説明
Illuminates the intense nineteenth-century contest between European naitons over Africa's land, people, and resources. The reports, speeches, treatises, etc. by David Livingstone, Joseph Conrad, G. W. F. Hegel, Winston Churchill, Charles Darwin, and Arthur Conan Doyle, etc.
Full Description
A rich collection of primary materials, the multivolume Archives of Empire provides a documentary history of nineteenth-century British imperialism from the Indian subcontinent to the Suez Canal to southernmost Africa. Barbara Harlow and Mia Carter have carefully selected a diverse range of texts that track the debates over imperialism in the ranks of the military, the corridors of political power, the lobbies of missionary organizations, the halls of royal geographic and ethnographic societies, the boardrooms of trading companies, the editorial offices of major newspapers, and far-flung parts of the empire itself. Focusing on a particular region and historical period, each volume in Archives of Empire is organized into sections preceded by brief introductions. Documents including mercantile company charters, parliamentary records, explorers' accounts, and political cartoons are complemented by timelines, maps, and bibligraphies. Unique resources for teachers and students, these volumes reveal the complexities of nineteenth-century colonialism and emphasize its enduring relevance to the "global markets" of the twenty-first century. While focusing on the expansion of the British Empire, The Scramble for Africa illuminates the intense nineteenth-century contest among European nations over Africa's land, people, and resources. Highlighting the 1885 Berlin Conference in which Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, and Italy partitioned Africa among themselves, this collection follows British conflicts with other nations over different regions as well as its eventual challenge to Leopold of Belgium's rule of the Congo. The reports, speeches, treatises, proclamations, letters, and cartoons assembled here include works by Henry M. Stanley, David Livingstone, Joseph Conrad, G. W. F. Hegel, Winston Churchill, Charles Darwin, and Arthur Conan Doyle. A number of pieces highlight the proliferation of companies chartered to pursue Africa's gold, diamonds, and oil-particularly Cecil J. Rhodes's British South Africa Company and Frederick Lugard's Royal Niger Company. Other documents describe debacles on the continent-such as the defeat of General Gordon in Khartoum and the Anglo-Boer War-and the criticism of imperial maneuvers by proto-human rights activists including George Washington Williams, Mark Twain, Olive Schreiner, and E.D. Morel.
Contents
Acknowledgments xvGeneral Introduction: Readings in Imperialism and Orientalism xviiVolume Introduction: The Scramble for Africa 1I. The Berlin Conference 1885: Making/ Mapping History Introduction: The Scramble for Africa: From the Conference at Berlin to the Incident at Fashoda 13Chronology of Events 16Africa in 1886: The Scramble Half Complete [map] 17Africa after the Scramble, 1912 [map] 18Africa 1898, with Charter Companies [map] 19Joseph Conrad, Excerpts from Heart of Darkness (1898/99) 20G. W. F. Hegel, "Africa" (1822) 21General Act of the Conference of Berlin (1885) 28"The Black Baby" (1894) [illustration] 29Arthur Berriedale Keith, "International Rivalry and the Berlin Conference" (1919) 47"The 'Irrepressible' Tourist" (1885) [illustration] 59Hilaire Belloc, Excerpt from "The Modern Traveller" [1898] 60Winston Churchill, "The Fashoda Incident" (1899) 65Lord Alfred Milner, "Geography and Statecraft" (1907) 76"Marchez! Marchand!" (1898) [illustration] 77Dr. Wilhelm Junker, Excerpt from Travels in Africa during the Years 1882-1886, with etching (1892) 79"Africa Shared Out" (1899) [editorial with cartoon] 81II. The Body Politic: Rationalizing Race Introduction: The Body Politic: Rationalizing Race 85Slaves 91William Wilberforce, "The African Slave Trade" (1789) 93William Pitt the Younger, "William Pitt the Younger Indicts the Slave trade and Forsees a Liberated Africa" (1792) 100Thomas Carlyle, "The Nigger Question" (1849) 108Charles Dickens, "The Noble Savage" (1853) [with classified advertisement from the Illustrated London News] 134Species 141Count Joseph Arthur Gobineau, "Moral and Intellectual Characteristics of the Three Great Varieties" (1856) 143Charles Darwin, "Struggle for Existence" (1871) 153Charles Darwin, "On the Formation of the Races of Man" (1871) 160Digain Williams, Excerpt from "Darwin" (1922) 167James W. Redfield, "Comparative Physiognomy" (1852) 169Ernest Renan, Excerpts from The Future of Science (1893) 178Self Governance 187Walter Bagehot, "Nation-Making" (1869) 189Herbert Spencer, "The Primitive Man---Intellectual" (1906) 195Benjamin Kidd, "The Principles of the Relations of Our Civilization to the Tropics" (1898) 208Dudley Kidd, Excerpts from Kafir Socialism (1908) 222Rudyard Kipling, "How the Leopard Got His Spots" (1902) 232III. The Political Corps The Mission 241Introduction: The Mission: Christianity, Civilization, and Commerce 243William Booth, Salvation Army Songs (n.d.) 247David Livingstone, Dr. Livingstone's Cambridge Lectures (1858) 253Henry M. Stanley, Excerpts from How I Found Livingstone (1872) 278Livingstone's Journeys, 1841-1856 [map] 279M.B. Synge, "Preparing the Empire: Livingstone and Stanley in Central Africa" (1908) 300Elizabeth Rundle Charles (?), "In Memory of Dr. Livingstone" (1874) 304Sir Bartle Frere, "Dr. Livingstone" (1874) 306Count Joseph Arthur Gobineau, "Influence of Christianity upon Moral and intellectual Diversity of Races" (1856) 319Matthew Arnold, "The Bishop and the Philosopher" (1863) 328International Emigration Office, Excerpts from The Surplus (1909) 350Excerpts from The Salvation Army British Empire Exhibition Handbook (1924) 358The Administration: Lugard and the Royal Niger Company 365Introduction: Inheritors of Empire, Agents of Change: Lord Lugard and Mary Kingsley 367"Royal Charter Granted to the National African Company, later called the Royal Niger Company" (1884) 372George Taubman Goldie and Frederick Lugard, Selected Correspondence: The Royal Niger Company (1894) 380Frederick Lugard, Excerpts from The Diaries of Lord Lugard: Nigeria (1894-1895,1898) 388Frederick Lugard, "Duties of Political Officers and Miscellaneous subjects" (1913-1918) 402Frederick Lugard, Excerpts from The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa (1922) 417Mary Kingsley, "The Clash of Cultures" (1901) 439Mary Kingsley, "A Letter to the Editor of 'The New Africa'" (n.d.) 457Flora L. Shaw (Lady Lugard), Excerpts from A Tropical Dependency (1905) 460The Administration: Cecil J. Rhodes and the British South Africa Company 473Introduction: Cecil J. Rhodes; Colossus or Caricature? 475Olive Schreiner, Excerpt from Trooper Peter Halket of Mashonaland (1897) 478"The Rhodes Colossus" (1892) [illustration] 480"My Career Is Only Beginning!" (1896) [illustration] 481"South Africa before and after Cecil Rhodes" (1896) [map] 483H. Rider Haggard, "We Abandon Hope" (1885) 484John Buchan, "My Uncle's Gift Is Many Times Multiplied" (1910) 492Cecil John Rhodes, Excerpts from The Speeches of Cecil Rhodes 1881-1900 (1900) 496Lord Randolph S. Churchill, Excerpts from Men, Mines, and Animals in South Africa (1895) 529Dr. L. S. Jameson. "Personal Reminiscences of Mr. Rhodes" (1897) 531"The Last Will and Testament of Cecil John Rhodes" (1902) 538Rudyard Kipling, "The Burial" (1902) 560IV. Crises of Empire Gordon at Khartoum 565Introduction: Gordon at Khartoum: From Cavil to Catastrophe 566Chronology of Events 569Charles G. Gordon, Excerpts from The Journals of Major-General C. B. Gordon, G. B. at Kartoum (1885) 569"At Last!" (1885) [illustration] 572"Too Late!" (1885) [illustration] 573Queen Victoria, Letters to Mary Gordon (1890) 578Lytton Strachey, "The End of General Gordon" (1918) 580Lord Cromer (Evelyn Baring), "Relief Expedition' (1908) 583Wilfred S. Blunt, Excerpts from Gordon at Khartoum (1911) 591Randolph H. S. Churchill, "The Desertion of General Gordon" (1884) 596Lord Wolseley, Excerpt from In Relief of Gordon (1885) 600Rudolf C. Slatin Pasha, Excerpt from Fire and Sword in the Sudan (1896) 602Major F. R. Wingate, "The Siege and Fall of Khartum" (1892) 603John Buchan, "Act the Fifth: The End" (1934) 616Rudyard Kipling, "Fuzzy-Wuzzy" (1898) 622The Graphic, Christmas Number, 1887 624"Gordon's Dream---The Martyr-Hero of Khartoum" (1887) [illustration] 625The Anglo-Boer War 627Introduction: The Boer War: Accusations and Apologias 629"Across th
