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基本説明
Illuminates the intense nineteenth-century contest between European naitons over Africa's land, people, and resources. The reports, speeches, treatises, etc. by David Livingstone, Joseph Conrad, G. W. F. Hegel, Winston Churchill, Charles Darwin, and Arthur Conan Doyle, etc.
Full Description
A rich collection of primary materials, the multivolume Archives of Empire provides a documentary history of nineteenth-century British imperialism from the Indian subcontinent to the Suez Canal to southernmost Africa. Barbara Harlow and Mia Carter have carefully selected a diverse range of texts that track the debates over imperialism in the ranks of the military, the corridors of political power, the lobbies of missionary organizations, the halls of royal geographic and ethnographic societies, the boardrooms of trading companies, the editorial offices of major newspapers, and far-flung parts of the empire itself. Focusing on a particular region and historical period, each volume in Archives of Empire is organized into sections preceded by brief introductions. Documents including mercantile company charters, parliamentary records, explorers' accounts, and political cartoons are complemented by timelines, maps, and bibligraphies. Unique resources for teachers and students, these volumes reveal the complexities of nineteenth-century colonialism and emphasize its enduring relevance to the "global markets" of the twenty-first century. While focusing on the expansion of the British Empire, The Scramble for Africa illuminates the intense nineteenth-century contest among European nations over Africa's land, people, and resources. Highlighting the 1885 Berlin Conference in which Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, and Italy partitioned Africa among themselves, this collection follows British conflicts with other nations over different regions as well as its eventual challenge to Leopold of Belgium's rule of the Congo. The reports, speeches, treatises, proclamations, letters, and cartoons assembled here include works by Henry M. Stanley, David Livingstone, Joseph Conrad, G. W. F. Hegel, Winston Churchill, Charles Darwin, and Arthur Conan Doyle. A number of pieces highlight the proliferation of companies chartered to pursue Africa's gold, diamonds, and oil—particularly Cecil J. Rhodes's British South Africa Company and Frederick Lugard's Royal Niger Company. Other documents describe debacles on the continent—such as the defeat of General Gordon in Khartoum and the Anglo-Boer War—and the criticism of imperial maneuvers by proto-human rights activists including George Washington Williams, Mark Twain, Olive Schreiner, and E.D. Morel.
Contents
Acknowledgments xv
General Introduction: Readings in Imperialism and Orientalism xvii
Volume Introduction: The Scramble for Africa 1
I. The Berlin Conference 1885: Making/ Mapping History
Introduction: The Scramble for Africa: From the Conference at Berlin to the Incident at Fashoda 13
Chronology of Events 16
Africa in 1886: The Scramble Half Complete [map] 17
Africa after the Scramble, 1912 [map] 18
Africa 1898, with Charter Companies [map] 19
Joseph Conrad, Excerpts from Heart of Darkness (1898/99) 20
G. W. F. Hegel, "Africa" (1822) 21
General Act of the Conference of Berlin (1885) 28
"The Black Baby" (1894) [illustration] 29
Arthur Berriedale Keith, "International Rivalry and the Berlin Conference" (1919) 47
"The 'Irrepressible' Tourist" (1885) [illustration] 59
Hilaire Belloc, Excerpt from "The Modern Traveller" [1898] 60
Winston Churchill, "The Fashoda Incident" (1899) 65
Lord Alfred Milner, "Geography and Statecraft" (1907) 76
"Marchez! Marchand!" (1898) [illustration] 77
Dr. Wilhelm Junker, Excerpt from Travels in Africa during the Years 1882-1886, with etching (1892) 79
"Africa Shared Out" (1899) [editorial with cartoon] 81
II. The Body Politic: Rationalizing Race
Introduction: The Body Politic: Rationalizing Race 85
Slaves 91
William Wilberforce, "The African Slave Trade" (1789) 93
William Pitt the Younger, "William Pitt the Younger Indicts the Slave trade and Forsees a Liberated Africa" (1792) 100
Thomas Carlyle, "The Nigger Question" (1849) 108
Charles Dickens, "The Noble Savage" (1853) [with classified advertisement from the Illustrated London News] 134
Species 141
Count Joseph Arthur Gobineau, "Moral and Intellectual Characteristics of the Three Great Varieties" (1856) 143
Charles Darwin, "Struggle for Existence" (1871) 153
Charles Darwin, "On the Formation of the Races of Man" (1871) 160
Digain Williams, Excerpt from "Darwin" (1922) 167
James W. Redfield, "Comparative Physiognomy" (1852) 169
Ernest Renan, Excerpts from The Future of Science (1893) 178
Self Governance 187
Walter Bagehot, "Nation-Making" (1869) 189
Herbert Spencer, "The Primitive Man---Intellectual" (1906) 195
Benjamin Kidd, "The Principles of the Relations of Our Civilization to the Tropics" (1898) 208
Dudley Kidd, Excerpts from Kafir Socialism (1908) 222
Rudyard Kipling, "How the Leopard Got His Spots" (1902) 232
III. The Political Corps
The Mission 241
Introduction: The Mission: Christianity, Civilization, and Commerce 243
William Booth, Salvation Army Songs (n.d.) 247
David Livingstone, Dr. Livingstone's Cambridge Lectures (1858) 253
Henry M. Stanley, Excerpts from How I Found Livingstone (1872) 278
Livingstone's Journeys, 1841-1856 [map] 279
M.B. Synge, "Preparing the Empire: Livingstone and Stanley in Central Africa" (1908) 300
Elizabeth Rundle Charles (?), "In Memory of Dr. Livingstone" (1874) 304
Sir Bartle Frere, "Dr. Livingstone" (1874) 306
Count Joseph Arthur Gobineau, "Influence of Christianity upon Moral and intellectual Diversity of Races" (1856) 319
Matthew Arnold, "The Bishop and the Philosopher" (1863) 328
International Emigration Office, Excerpts from The Surplus (1909) 350
Excerpts from The Salvation Army British Empire Exhibition Handbook (1924) 358
The Administration: Lugard and the Royal Niger Company 365
Introduction: Inheritors of Empire, Agents of Change: Lord Lugard and Mary Kingsley 367
"Royal Charter Granted to the National African Company, later called the Royal Niger Company" (1884) 372
George Taubman Goldie and Frederick Lugard, Selected Correspondence: The Royal Niger Company (1894) 380
Frederick Lugard, Excerpts from The Diaries of Lord Lugard: Nigeria (1894-1895,1898) 388
Frederick Lugard, "Duties of Political Officers and Miscellaneous subjects" (1913-1918) 402
Frederick Lugard, Excerpts from The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa (1922) 417
Mary Kingsley, "The Clash of Cultures" (1901) 439
Mary Kingsley, "A Letter to the Editor of 'The New Africa'" (n.d.) 457
Flora L. Shaw (Lady Lugard), Excerpts from A Tropical Dependency (1905) 460
The Administration: Cecil J. Rhodes and the British South Africa Company 473
Introduction: Cecil J. Rhodes; Colossus or Caricature? 475
Olive Schreiner, Excerpt from Trooper Peter Halket of Mashonaland (1897) 478
"The Rhodes Colossus" (1892) [illustration] 480
"My Career Is Only Beginning!" (1896) [illustration] 481
"South Africa before and after Cecil Rhodes" (1896) [map] 483
H. Rider Haggard, "We Abandon Hope" (1885) 484
John Buchan, "My Uncle's Gift Is Many Times Multiplied" (1910) 492
Cecil John Rhodes, Excerpts from The Speeches of Cecil Rhodes 1881-1900 (1900) 496
Lord Randolph S. Churchill, Excerpts from Men, Mines, and Animals in South Africa (1895) 529
Dr. L. S. Jameson. "Personal Reminiscences of Mr. Rhodes" (1897) 531
"The Last Will and Testament of Cecil John Rhodes" (1902) 538
Rudyard Kipling, "The Burial" (1902) 560
IV. Crises of Empire
Gordon at Khartoum 565
Introduction: Gordon at Khartoum: From Cavil to Catastrophe 566
Chronology of Events 569
Charles G. Gordon, Excerpts from The Journals of Major-General C. B. Gordon, G. B. at Kartoum (1885) 569
"At Last!" (1885) [illustration] 572
"Too Late!" (1885) [illustration] 573
Queen Victoria, Letters to Mary Gordon (1890) 578
Lytton Strachey, "The End of General Gordon" (1918) 580
Lord Cromer (Evelyn Baring), "Relief Expedition' (1908) 583
Wilfred S. Blunt, Excerpts from Gordon at Khartoum (1911) 591
Randolph H. S. Churchill, "The Desertion of General Gordon" (1884) 596
Lord Wolseley, Excerpt from In Relief of Gordon (1885) 600
Rudolf C. Slatin Pasha, Excerpt from Fire and Sword in the Sudan (1896) 602
Major F. R. Wingate, "The Siege and Fall of Khartum" (1892) 603
John Buchan, "Act the Fifth: The End" (1934) 616
Rudyard Kipling, "Fuzzy-Wuzzy" (1898) 622
The Graphic, Christmas Number, 1887 624
"Gordon's Dream---The Martyr-Hero of Khartoum" (1887) [illustration] 625
The Anglo-Boer War 627
Introduction: The Boer War: Accusations and Apologias 629
"Across th
