Full Description
The formative years of American anthropology were characterized by intellectual energy and excitement, the identification of key interpretive issues, and the beginnings of a prodigious amount of fieldwork and recording. The American Anthropological Association (AAA) was born as anthropology emerged as a formal discipline with specialized subfields; fieldwork among Native communities proliferated across North America, yielding a wealth of ethnographic information that began to surface in the flagship journal, the American Anthropologist; and researchers increasingly debated and probed deeper into the roots and significance of ritual, myth, language, social organization, and the physical make-up and prehistory of Native Americans. The fifty-five selections in this volume represent the interests of and accomplishments in American anthropology from the establishment of the American Anthropologist through World War I. The articles in their entirety showcase the state of the subfields of anthropology—archaeology, linguistics, physical anthropology, and cultural anthropology—as they were imagined and practiced at the dawn of the twentieth century. Examples of important ethnographic accounts and interpretive debates are also included. Introducing this collection is a historical overview of the beginnings of American anthropology by A. Irving Hallowell, a former president of the AAA.
Contents
Preface; Introduction: The Beginnings of Anthropology in America A. Irving Hallowell; I. The Development of Anthropology; The Nomenclature and Teaching of Anthropology Daniel G. Brinton; Comment by J. W. Powell; The World's Fair Congress of Anthropology W. H. Holmes; Recent Progress in American Anthropology Obituary of John Wesley Powell; Obituary of Frederic Ward Putnam A. L. Kroeber; II. American Indian Origins; The Views of Alfred R. Wallace on the Antiquity of Man in North America; Stone Art in America J. W. Powell; The Problems of the Unity or Plurality and the Probable Place of Origin of the American Aborigines: A Symposium; III. American Archeology; The Prehistoric Culture of Tusayan J. Walter Fewkes; A Revival of the Ancient Hopi Pottery Art Walter Hough; Some Aspects of North American Archeology Roland B. Dixon; The Relation of Archeology to Ethnology W. H. Holmes, George Grant MacCurdy, Berthold Laufer; Chronology of the Tano Ruins, New Mexico N. C. Nelson; IV. Physical Anthropology; Physical Anthropology in America: An Historical Sketch Ale' Hrdlicka; Dermal Topography: A Correspondence Francis Galton and O. T. Mason; Physical Characteristics of the Indians of the North Pacific Coast Franz Boas; Aboriginal Trephining in Bolivia Adolph F. Bandelier; Note on the Molar Teeth of the Piltdown Mandible William K. Gregory; V. Language; The Present Condition of Our Knowledge of North American Languages Pliny Earle Goddard; On Alternating Sounds Franz Boas; Preliminary Report on the Language and Mythology of the Upper Chinook Edward Sapir; Numeral Systems of the Languages of California Roland B. Dixon and A. L. Kroeber; Language and Environment Edward Sapir; VI. Ethnography; 1. Ethnographic Sketches; The Navajo A. M. Stephen; The Chukchi of Northeastern Asia Waldemar Bogoras; Preliminary Sketch of the Mohave Indians A. L. Kroeber; Notes on the Indians of Maryland, 1705-1706 D. I. Bushnell, Jr; 2. Art and Technology; On the Evolution of Ornament-An American Lesson W. H. Holmes; Primitive Copper Working: An Experimental Study Frank Hamilton Cushing; The Technic of Aboriginal American Basketry Otis T. Mason; 3. Society and Social Life; The Development of the Clan System and of Secret Societies among the Northwestern Tribes John R. Swanton; The Social Organization of American Tribes John R. Swanton; The Family Hunting Band as the Basis of Algonkian Social Organization Frank G. Speck; Family and Sib Robert H. Lowie; The Zuni A'doshle and Suuke Elsie Clews Parsons; 4. War; Coup and Scalp among the Plains Indians George Bird Grinnell; Review of Georg Friederici, Skalpieren und ahnliche Kriegsgebrauche in Amerika James Mooney; 5. Ceremonialism and Religion; Orenda and a Definition of Religion J. N. B. Hewitt; Ceremonialism in North America Robert H. Lowie; Review of Emile Durkheim, Les Formes elementaires de la vie religieuse A. A. Goldenweiser; SBETETDA'Q, A Shamanistic Performance of the Coast Salish Herman K. Haeberlin; 6. Legend and Myth; The Mythology of the Koryak Waldemar Jochelson; Native Account of the Meeting between La Perouse and the Tlingit G. T. Emmons; Review of Franz Boas, Tsimshian Mythology C. M. Barbeau; VII. Method and Theory of Ethnology; Piratical Acculturation W J McGee; Material Cultures of the North American Indians Clark Wissler; Review of Clark Wissler, The American Indian A. L. Kroeber; Review of Robert H. Lowie, Primitive Society A. L. Kroeber; The Methods of Ethnology Franz Boas
