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Features/BenefitsA close link between the practice of statistics, important social issues, and real-world examples - this shows students that in the social sciences there is a constant interplay between social concerns and the methods of inquiry and investigation. Informal writing style - Coupled with the use of real-world example, the conversational writing style results in a book that is more accessible and engaging for students. A focus on race, class and gender pervades the book - this emphasis on diversity sets the book apart from others in the field and mirrors the major emphasis in the social sciences today. Reading the Research Literature sections in most chapters - help student read and interpret statistical information in professional and scholarly publications. Integration and Review Chapters- Chs. 9 and 15 review the two halves of the book for descriptive and inferential statistics, respectively. These two chapters help students understand the interconnectedness of concepts presented in Chs. 2-8 and 10 - 14, while testing their abilities to cumulatively apply their knowledge. Boxes and Learning Checks in chapters - Throughout the book are found Boxes that contain information on statistics in practice and insightful tips on using various techniques. The Learning Checks allow students to test their understanding of concepts just presented. Emphasis on Computing - SPSS for Windows is used throughout the book in conjunction with General Social Survey data to introduce students to one of the most commonly used analytical software packages in the field. At the end of each chapter is a demonstration of a related SPSS procedure, along with a set of exercises.New to This Edition: Clearer and more concise presentation of topics. Extensive revision to Chapter 13, Testing Hypotheses about Two Samples. Two supplemental electronic chapters for multiple regression and analysis of multivariates. New student CD bundled with each copy of text. The CD includes the two e-chapters, 3 GSS data sets, a National Geographic data set with accompanying exercises, a SPSS demo, and more. SPSS version 11.0. Packaged with this text, on an optional basis, is SPSS Student Version 11.0. Instructor's Manual on CD-ROM with significant teaching support materials: testbank, PowerPoint slides, and more.This groundbreaking textbook uses real-world research examples and data to provide a revealing introduction to social science statistics. The Third Edition of this widely adopted text effectively links social issues and sociological concepts with statistical techniques. Realizing that students may lack a substantial math background, or suffer from "math anxiety," the material in this book is presented using straightforward prose that emphasizes intuition, logic, and common sense rather than rote memorization. Throughout the text instructors are provided with resources to support effective teaching: illustrations showing how statistical concepts are used to interpret social issues, guides for reading and interpreting the research literature, SPSS demonstrations, and a rich variety of exercises. The user-friendly, informal style of this innovative text has been widely applauded by students and instructors alike.A number of important changes have been made to this edition in response to the valuable comments received from the many instructors adopting the Second Edition and from other interested instructors and students.Highlights of the Third EditionClearer and More Concise Presentation of TopicsThe discussion of statistical procedures and concepts has been carefully edited, reducing redundancy of and clarifying examples, while at the same time preserving the book's easily understood style.Real-World Examples and ExercisesA hallmark of the first two editions was the extensive use of real data from a variety of sources for chapter illustrations and exercises. Throughout the Third Edition, the majority of exercises and examples have been updated based on General Social Survey or U.S. Census data.Revisions to Chapter 13: Testing Hypotheses about Two SamplesThe detailed discussion of the principles of hypothesis testing, including the Z test for one sample, has been reintroduced from the First Edition. In addition, we have added a discussion of the t statistic in the context of one-sample tests. One sample tests are introduced here as a pedagogical tool to clarify statistical inference before moving to the more complicated concept of the two-sample test. For simplification, the discussion of unequal variances has been boxed and shortened considerably.Supplemental Electronic MaterialsRather than adding additional chapters and printed pages to the text, a CD-ROM with supplemental materials has been included in this new edition. These supplemental materials provide increased flexibility for instructors and students and include: two additional electronic chapters * three GSS data sets * a National Geographic data set with exercises * a data dictionary for the SPSS variables * and an SPSS demonstration3/4 How to Use a Statistical Package. The first chapter includes an expanded version of Chapter 83/4 Bivariate Regression and Correlation3/4 with new sections on inference in regression, analysis of variance, and a brief overview of multiple regression techniques. This chapter can be used in conjunction with the printed Chapter 8 or used alone. The second chapter is a stand-alone chapter on Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The chapter begins with a detailed computational example, highlights two SPSS ANOVA applications, and reviews two examples from the research literature. As in the text chapters, each electronic chapter concludes with an SPSS demonstration, SPSS exercises, and end of chapter exercises (with selected answers).SPSS Version 11.0The Third Edition of this text includes examples and screen shots utilizing SPSS Version 11.0. Packaged with this text, on an optional basis, is SPSS Student Version 11.0. The SPSS CD-ROM contains: SPSS Student Version material plus * 3 GSS data sets * an NG data set with exercises * a data dictionary for the SPSS variables * and an SPSS demonstration How to Use a Statistical Package. Demonstrations and exercises have been updated, using version 11.0 format. To order the book packaged with the Student Version of SPSS 11.0, use order code: ISBN: 0-7619-8777-0.General Social Survey 1998As a companion to the Third Edition's SPSS demonstrations and exercises, three data sets have been created. Those using the Student Version of SPSS 11.0 will work with two separate GSS files: GSS Module A features gender and family issues, and GSS Module B highlights race and government policy issues. The GSS96PFP.SAV contains an expanded selection of variables and cases from the 1998 General Social Survey. SPSS exercises at the end of each chapter utilize certain variables from all data modules. There is ample opportunity for instructors to develop their own SPSS exercises using this data.Supplemental Tools on Important TopicsThe Third Edition's discussion of inferential statistics remains focused on Z, t and chi-square. The Pine Forge Press Series in Research Methods and Statistics, of which this book is a part, includes additional supplementary volumes by Paul Allison on regression and by Robert Leik on analysis of variance. These supplements were written to closely coordinate with this text and are available from Pine Forge Press.ALSO AVAILABLE...Instructor's ManualAn instructor's manual on CD-ROM is available to faculty adopting this text. Materials provided in the electronic manual include:An overview of the text, supplemental electronic materials, and the Instructor's Manual Answers to all exercises included in the book and on the supplemental electronic materials Testbanks for both the text and supplemental electronic materials Additional collaborative exercises for use in groups of two or more Formulas in .pdf format for use as overhead transparencies PowerPointa presentations for each chapter, including the electronic chapters Graphics from the text for use as overhead transparenciesFrom the Reviews of Previous Editions"This book is the best I have seen on the market. It is the only book I have seen that manages to teach both statistics and a great deal of social science."3/4 Tom Linneman, College of William and Mary"Social Statistics for a Diverse Society is excellent and extremely useful. Time and time again, I found the authors approached material in the same way I did, using a more discursive, conceptual rather than mathematical presentation. Students really loved this book and I received numerous comments to this effect3/4 a real first!"3/4 Pamela Stone, Hunter College of the City University of New York"The authors have done an excellent job in linking social issues with statistical techniques. This allows a student to learn how social scientists start with a question and then use a variety of statistical techniques to answer that question. In the process, students are learning key sociological concepts related to race, gender, class, and age. The book demonstrates the sociological imagination in action."3/4 Janet Wilmoth, Purdue University"The authors have shown how integrating issues of diversity can be done in a way that furthers the traditional objectives of statistics courses, but also in a way that makes science a warmer classroom and career climate for women and students of color. I am not overstating the case to say that this book is pathbreaking."3/4 Kate Berheide, Skidmore College
Contents
1. The What and the Why of StatisticsThe Research ProcessAsking Research QuestionsThe Role of TheoryFormulating the HyupothesesCollecting DataAnalyzing Data and Evaluating the HypothesesLooking at Social Differences2. Organization of Information: Frequency DistributionsFrequency DistributionsProportions and PercentagesPercentage DistributionsComparisonsStatistics in Practice:Labor Force Participation of Native AmericansThe Construction of Frequency DistributionsCumulative DistributionsRatesStatistics in Practice: Marriage and Divorce Rates over TimeReading the Research Literature: Statistical Tables3. Graphic PresentationThe Pie Chart: The Race and Ethnicity of the ElderslyThe Bar Graph: The Living Arrangements and Labor Force Participation of the ElderlyThe Statistical Map: the Geographic Distribution of the ElderlyThe HistogramStatistics in Practice: The "Graying" of AmericaThe Frequency PolygonTime Series ChartsDistortions in GraphsStatistics in Practice: Diversity at a Glance4. Measures of Central TendencyThe ModeThe MedianThe MeanThe Shape of the Distribution: The Experience of Traumatic EventsConsideration for Choosing a Measure of Central Tendency5. Measures of VariabilityThe Importance of Measuring VariabilityThe Index of Qualitative Variation (IQV)The RangeThe Interquartile Range: Increases in Elderly PopulationsThe Box PlotThe Variance and the Standard Deviation: Changes in the Nursing Home PopulationConsiderations for Choosing a Measure of VariationReading the Research Literature: Gender Differences in Caregiving6. Relationships Between Two Variables: Cross-TabulationIndependent and Dependent VariablesHow to Construct a Bivariate Table:Race and Home OwnershipHow to Compute Percentages in a Bivariate TableHow to Deal with Ambiguous RelationshipsBetween VariablesReading the Research Literature: Medicaid Use Among the ElderlyThe Properties of a Bivariate RelationshipElaborationStatistics in Practice: Family Support for the Transition from High School7. Measures of Association for Nominal and Ordinal VariablesProportional Reduction of Error and Degree of AssociationLambda: A Measure of Association for Nominal VariablesGamma: An Ordinal Measure of AssociationCalculating GammaUsing Ordinal Measures with Dichotomous VariablesReading the Research Literature: Worldview and Abortion Beliefs8. Bivariaate Regression and CorrelationThe Scatter DiagramLinear Relations and Prediction RulesStatistics in Practice: GNP and Willingness to Volunteer Time for Environmental ProtectionMethods for Assessing the Accuracy of PredictionsStatistics in Practice: Teen Pregnancy and InequalityStatistics in Practice: The Marriage Penalty in Earnings9. Organization of Information and Measurement of Relationships: A Review of Descriptive Data AnalysisDescriptive Data Analysis for Nominal VariablesStatistics in Practice: Gender and Local Political Party ActivismDescriptive Data Analysis for Ordinal VariablesDescriptive Data Analysis for Interval-Ratio VariablesStatistics in Practice: Education and Income10. The Normal DistributionProperties of the Normal DistributionStandard (Z) ScoresThe Standard Normal DistributionThe Standard Normal TableThe Structure of the Standard Normal TableTransforming Z Scores into Proportions (or Percentages)11. Sampling and Sampling DistributionAims of SamplingSome Basic Principles of ProbabilityProbability SamplingThe Concept of the Sampling DistributionThe Sampling Distribution of the MeanThe Central Limit Theorem12. EstimationEstimation DefinedProcedures for Estimating Confidence Intervals for MeansStatistics in Practice Hispanic Migration and EarningsConfidence Intervals for ProportionsStatistics in Practice: Should Affirmative Action Programs Be Increased?13. Testing HypothesesPart I: The BasicsAssumptions of Statistical Hypothesis TestingStating the Research and Null HypothesesDetermining What Is Sufficiently Improbable: Probability Values and AlphaThe Five Steps in Hypothesis Testing: A SummaryErrors in Hypothesis TestingThe t Statistic and Estimating the Standard ErrorThe t Distribution and the Degrees of FreedomStatistics in Practice: The Earnings of White WomenPart II: Testing Hypotheses about Two SamplesThe Assumption of Independent SamplesStating the Research and Null HypothesesThe Sampling Distribution of the Differences Between MeansThe Five Steps in Hypotheses Testing about Difference between Means; A SummaryStatistics in Practice: The Earnings of Asia American MenTesting the Significance of the DifferenceBetween Two Sample ProportionsStatistics in Practice: Equaliziang IncomeStatistics in Practice: Gender and Abortion AttitudesReading the Research Literature: Reporting the Results of Statistical Hypothesis Testing14. The Chi-Square TestThe Concepts of Chi-Square as a Statistical TestThe Concept of Statistical IndependenceThe Structure of Hypothesis Testing with Chi-SquareThe Limitations of the Chi-Square Test: Sample Size and Statistical SignificanceStatistics in Practice: Social Class and HealthReading the Research Literature: Sibling Cooperation and Academic Achievement15. Reviewing Inferential StatisticsNormal DistribtuionsSampling: The Case of AIDSEstimation Statistics in Practice: The War on DrugsThe Process of Statistical Hypothesis TestingStatistics in Practice: Education and EmploymentAppendix A: Table of Random NumbersAppendix B: The Standard Normal TableAppendix C: Distribution of tAppendix D: Distribution of Chi-SquareAppendix E: Distribution of FAppendix F: A Basic Math ReviewAnswers to Odd-Numbered ExercisesIndex/Glossary
