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基本説明
Provides empirical evidence that differences in consumer behaviour across countries are not decreasing but increasing.
Full Description
"Marieke de Mooij shows that American theories of consumer behavior do not necessarily apply abroad. Her national consumption data are an unobtrusive measure of national cultures. She has made marketing students discover culture, and her work should make cross-cultural psychologists discover the consumer as an informant." --Geert Hofstede, Institute for Research on Intercultural Cooperation, the Netherlands
Consumers worldwide are not the same, and the differences in consumer behavior between countries are increasing. Because all aspects of consumer behavior are culture-bound, and not subject merely to environmental factors but integrated in all of human behavior, there is an increased need to identify and understand this integration and its impact on global marketing and advertising. Consumer Behavior and Culture: Consequences for Global Marketing and Advertising is the first book to present an empirically based model for integrating culture with consumer behavior.
Consumer Behavior and Culture reviews the myths of global marketing and explores the concept of culture and models of culture. It provides empirical evidence of convergence and divergence in consumer behavior and covers various psychological and sociological aspects of human behavior used for explaining consumer behavior. The book reviews and discusses cultural variations of these aspects across the world.
reviews the myths of global marketing and explores the concept of culture and models of culture. It provides empirical evidence of convergence and divergence in consumer behavior and covers various psychological and sociological aspects of human behavior used for explaining consumer behavior. The book reviews and discusses cultural variations of these aspects across the world. Key Features:
* A cultural exploration of the various psychological and sociological aspects of human behavior, such as concept of self, personality, group influence, motivation, emotion, perception, and information processing
* A discussion of consumer behavior theories and cultural variations from around the world
* Coverage of a number of consumer behavior domains, including explanations of differences in consumption and ownership, all based on empirical evidence
* In addition to anecdotal evidence, the consequences of branding and marketing communication strategy are presented and analyzed
Perfect for students and practitioners in marketing and advertising, this book is designed to meet the needs of those wishing to view consumer behavior from a global cultural perspective. It is also ideal for those emphasizing the role of minority groups as well as increased multicultural sensitivity in their marketing and advertising strategies.
Contents
Chapter 1: Global consumers in a global village?
The global village
Globalization and global consumer culture
Converging and diverging consumer behavior
Post scarcity societies and the culture paradigm
Global communities?
New media
Universalism
Lack of a sense of history
Branding and advertising: From global to multi-local
Consumer behavior theory across cultures
Chapter 2: Values and culture
Values
Values are enduring
Values in marketing
Culture defined
Comparing cultures
Dimensions of culture
Hofstede: Five dimensions of national culture
Schwartz: Seven value types or motivational domains
Comparing models
Culture relationships
Chapter 3: Convergence and Divergence in Consumer Behavior
Convergence theory
Modernization
Convergence: Macro- and micro-level
Convergence-divergence in consumer behavior
National wealth as an explaining variable
Over time culture replaces income as an explanatory variable
With increased wealth cultural values become manifest
Other measurement variables
Urbanization
Population density
Education
Age distribution
Social classs
Ethnicity
Climate
Consumer behavior, national wealth and culture
Chapter 4: The Consumer: Attributes
A model of cross-cultural consumer behavior
Personality
The brand personality concept
The concept of self
Implications for marketing, branding and advertising
Self-enhancement and self-esteem
Personal traits
Brand personality traits
Identity and image
Corporate identity and brand identity
Attitude
Attitude and behavior
Lifestyle
Chapter 5: Social processes
Motivation, needs and drives
Culture-related consumer needs and motives
Emotion
Emotions in advertising
Group processes
Reference groups
Opinion leaders
Chapter 6: Mental processes
Cognition and cognitive styles
Learning and socialization
Cognition and affect
Language
Perception
The creative process
Attribution
Locus of control
Information processing
Involvement theory
Communication and culture
Communication styles
Advertising styles
Decision-making
Chapter 7: Consumer behavior domains
Product acquisition, usage and ownership
Food and beverages
Non-durable household products
Non-durable personal goods
Clothing and footwear
Household appliances
Consumer electronics
Luxury articles
Communication technology
Computers and the Internet
Cars
Leisure
Finance
Shopping and buying behavior
Complaining behavior
Brand loyalty
Diffusion of innovations
Media behavior
Responses to marketing-communications
Chapter 8: Applications to global marketing and adverting
Product-market development across countries
Branding strategies
Retailing
Segmenting international markets
Cross-cultural values and lifestyle studies
Academic cross-cultural studies
Research techniques and methods across cultures
Predicting market success
The purpose of advertising
Advertising research
The future of global advertising
Appendix 1 GNP/capita 2001 (US$) and Hofstede country scores for 64 countries
Appendix 2 Data sources
