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Build your dexterity with Visual C#-and begin writing Microsoft .NET-connected applications-one step at a time! This practical, hands-on tutorial expertly guides you through the fundamentals-from learning Visual C# syntax to writing and running your first components, Web services, and applications. Work at your own pace through easy-to-follow lessons and hands-on exercises to teach yourself essential techniques. And stay ahead of the curve by working with real-world examples and best practices for Visual C# development. Discover how to: Declare variables, define methods, and construct statements Handle and trap exceptions Use object-oriented techniques, such as inheritance and encapsulation Manage resources and use the garbage collector Build components, including properties, indexers, and events Define operators to enhance class usability Create GUI components and user controls Access data sources using Microsoft ADO.NET Write and manipulate XML documents Construct Web Forms that display large volumes of data Validate user input with Microsoft ASP.NET controls Write, test, and deploy Web services CD features: Code examples in Visual C# .NET 2003 All the book's practice files Fully seachable eBook
Contents
Acknowledgments xv Introduction xvii PART 1 INTRODUCING MICROSOFT VISUAL C# AND VISUAL STUDIO .NET CHAPTER 1 Welcome to C# 3 Beginning Programming with the Visual Studio .NET Environment 4 Writing Your First Program 7 Using Namespaces 11 Creating Documentation Using XML and Comments 14 Creating a Windows Forms Application 18 CHAPTER 2 Working with Variables, Operators, and Expressions 27 Understanding Statements 27 Using Identifiers 28 Identifying Keywords 28 Using Variables 29 Naming Variables 29 Declaring Variables 30 Working with Primitive Data Types 31 Displaying Primitive Data Type Values 32 Setting Arithmetic Operators 35 Determining an Operator s Values 35 Examining Arithmetic Operators 36 Controlling Precedence 39 Using Associativity to Evaluate Expressions 40 Incrementing and Decrementing Variables 40 CHAPTER 3 Writing Methods and Applying Scope 43 Declaring Methods 43 Specifying the Method Declaration Syntax 44 Writing return Statements 45 Calling Methods 47 Specifying the Method Call Syntax 47 Understanding Scope 48 Creating Local Scope with a Method 49 Creating Class Scope with a Class 49 Overloading Identifiers 50 Writing and Calling Methods 51 CHAPTER 4 Using Decision Statements 59 Declaring bool Variables 59 Using Boolean Operators 60 Understanding Equality and Relational Operators 60 Understanding Logical Operators 61 Summarizing Operator Precedence and Associativity 62 Executing if Statements 62 Understanding if Statement Syntax 63 Using Blocks to Group Statements 64 Cascading if Statements 64 Using switch Statements 67 Understanding switch Statement Syntax 68 Following the switch Statement Rules 69 CHAPTER 5 Using Iteration Statements 73 Using Compound Assignment Operators 73 Writing while Statements 75 Writing for Statements 76 Understanding for Statement Scope 77 Writing do Statements 77 CHAPTER 6 Managing Errors and Exceptions 93 Coping with Errors 93 Trying Code and Catching Exceptions 94 Using Multiple catch Handlers 95 Writing a General catch Handler 96 Using Checked and Unchecked Integer Arithmetic 100 Writing checked Statements 100 Writing Checked Expressions 101 Throwing Exceptions 104 Writing a finally Block 109 PART 2 UNDERSTANDING THE C# LANGUAGE CHAPTER 7 Creating and Managing Classes and Objects 115 What Is Classification? 115 What Is Encapsulation? 116 Controlling Accessibility 117 Working with Constructors and the new Keyword 119 Overloading Constructors 121 Understanding static Methods and Data 128 Creating a Shared Field 129 Creating a static Field with the const Keyword 130 CHAPTER 8 Understanding Values and References 135 Copying int Variables and Classes 135 Using ref and out Parameters 139 Creating ref Parameters 140 Creating out Parameters 141 What Are the Stack and the Heap? 143 Using the Stack and the Heap 143 What Is System.Object? 144 Boxing 146 Unboxing 146 Pointers and Unsafe Code 148 CHAPTER 9 Creating Value Types with Enumerations and Structs 153 Working with Enumerations 153 Declaring an Enumeration Type 154 Choosing Enumeration Literal Values 154 Choosing an Enumeration s Underlying Type 154 Using an Enumeration 155 Working with Struct Types 157 Declaring Struct Types 158 Understanding Struct and Class Differences 158 Declaring Struct Variables 160 Understanding Struct Definite Assignment 161 Calling Struct Constructors 162 Copying Struct Variables 163 Understanding Keyword-Type Equivalences 164 CHAPTER 10 Using Arrays and Collections 171 What Is an Array? 171 Declaring Array Variables 171 Creating Array Instances 172 Initializing Array Variables 173 Accessing Individual Array Elements 174 Iterating Through an Array 175 Copying Arrays 176 Using the System.Array Class 178 What Are Collection Classes? 179 ArrayList 180 Queue 182 Stack 183 SortedList 184 Comparing Arrays and Collections 186 Using Collection Classes to Play Cards 186 CHAPTER 11 Understanding Parameter Arrays 193 Creating Overloaded Methods 193 Using Array Arguments 194 Declaring params Arrays 195 Using params object[ ] 198 Using params Arrays 200 Using the Main Method 204 CHAPTER 12 Working with Inheritance 207 What Is Inheritance? 207 Understanding Core Syntax 208 Base Classes and Derived Classes 208 Calling Base Class Constructors 209 new Methods 210 virtual Methods 211 override Methods 212 protected Access 213 Creating Interfaces 214 Syntax 215 Restrictions 215 Implementing an Interface 216 Abstract Classes 217 Sealed Classes 220 Sealed Methods 220 Extending an Inheritance Hierarchy 220 Working with Multiple Interfaces 226 Syntax 226 Explicit Interface Implementation 226 Summarizing Keyword Combinations 228 CHAPTER 13 Using Garbage Collection and Resource Management 231 Garbage Collection 231 Comparing Values and Objects 231 The Life and Times of an Object 232 Writing Destructors 233 Why Use the Garbage Collector? 234 How Does the Garbage Collector Run? 235 Recommendations 236 Resource Management 236 The Disposal Method Pattern 236 Exception-Safe Disposal 237 The using Statement 238 Adapting to IDisposable 239 Calling a Disposal Method from a Destructor 240 Making Code Exception-Safe 242 PART 3 CREATING COMPONENTS CHAPTER 14 Implementing Properties to Access Attributes 249 Comparing Fields and Methods 249 What Are Properties? 251 get Accessors 252 set Accessors 252 Read/Write Properties 253 Read-Only Properties 253 Write-Only Properties 254 Understanding the Property Restrictions 254 Using Static Properties 255 Declaring Interface Properties 257 Using Properties in a Windows Application 258 CHAPTER 15 Using Indexers 265 What Is an Indexer? 265 An Example That Doesn t Use Indexers 265 The Same Example Using Indexers 267 get Accessors 269 set Accessors 269 Read/Write Indexers 269 Read-Only Indexers 270 Write-Only Indexers 270 Comparing Indexers and Methods 271 Comparing Indexers and Arrays 271 Comparing Indexers and Properties 272 Interface Indexers 272 Using Indexers in a Windows Application 273 CHAPTER 16 Delegates and Events 281 Using Delegate Declarations and Instances 281 An Example That Doesn t Use a Delegate 281 The Same Example Using a Delegate 284 Declaring a Delegate 284 Calling a Delegate 285 Creating a Delegate Instance 286 Using Delegates 288 Enabling Notifications with Events 290 Declaring an Event 291 Subscribing to an Event 291 Unsubscribing from an Event 292 Calling an Event 292 Understanding GUI Events 293 Using Events 295 CHAPTER 17 Operator Overloading 301 Working with Operators 301 Understanding Operators 301 Implementing Operator Constraints 302 Overloaded Operators 303 Creating Symmetric Operators 304 Understanding Compound Assignment 306 Declaring Increment and Decrement Operators 307 Using Operator Pairs 308 Implementing an Operator 309 Declaring Conversion Operators 312 Providing Built-In Conversions 312 Declaring User-Defined Conversion Operators 312 Creating Symmetric Operators (Again) 313 Adding an Implicit Conversion Operator 314 PART 4 WORKING WITH WINDOWS APPLICATIONS CHAPTER 18 Introducing Windows Forms 319 Creating Your Application 320 Creating a Windows Forms Application 320 What Are the Common Windows Forms Properties? 324 Changing Properties Programmatically 326 Adding Controls to the Form 327 Using Windows Forms Controls 327 Setting Control Properties 329 Changing Properties Dynamically 332 Publishing Events in Windows Forms 335 Processing Events in Windows Forms 335 CHAPTER 19 Working with Menus 341 Menu Guidelines and Style 341 Adding Menus and Processing Menu Events 342 Creating a Menu 342 Setting Menu Item Properties 344 Other Menu Item Properties 347 Menu Events 348 Pop-Up Menus 350 Creating Pop-Up Menus 350 CHAPTER 20 Performing Validation 357 Validating Data 357 The CausesValidation Property 358 Validation Events 358 An Example Customer Maintenance 358 Performing Validation with a Sledge Hammer 359 Being Unobtrusive 363 Using an ErrorProvider Control 366 CHAPTER 21 Using Complex Controls 371 The Explorer Interface 371 Splitter Windows, Docking Controls, and Panels 373 Working with the Splitter and Docked Controls 373 Using a Panel 376 Docking the Controls 376 Controls for Navigating Data 377 Working with the TreeView Control 378 Using a ListView Control 386 CHAPTER 22 Using the MDI, Windows, and Dialog Boxes 397 What Is the Multiple Document Interface? 398 Building an MDI Application 398 Alternatives to MDI 404 Creating Dialog Boxes 405 Displaying Modal and Modeless Dialog Boxes 405 Using Common Dialog Controls 409 Using the SaveFileDialog Control 409 CHAPTER 23 Creating GUI Components 415 Working with User Controls 415 Building the Login User Control 416 Using the Login User Control 423 Specializing Controls Using Subclassing 426 Creating a ToggleButton Control 427 Using the ToggleButton Control 431 PART 5 MANAGING DATA CHAPTER 24 Using a Database 437 Using ADO.NET Databases 437 Using the Northwind Traders Database 438 Accessing the Database 439 Using ADO.NET Programmatically 448 CHAPTER 25 Working with Data Binding and DataSets 459 Windows Forms Controls and Data Binding 460 Using Simple Data Binding 460 Using Complex Data Binding 464 Disconnected DataSets 468 Creating a Disconnected DataSet 468 Handling Updates with a Disconnected DataSet 472 CHAPTER 26 Handling XML 479 Why XML? 479 The Goals of XML 480 The Structure of XML 480 XML Schemas 481 XML as a Transport Format and Protocol 483 XML APIs and the .NET Framework 483 The Employee Timesheet System 484 Creating an XML Schema 484 Building the Timesheet Recording Application 490 Creating the Timesheet Analysis Application 494 PART 6 BUILDING WEB APPLICATIONS CHAPTER 27 Introducing ASP.NET 501 Understanding the Internet as an Infrastructure 502 Understanding Web Server Requests and Responses 502 Managing State 503 Understanding ASP .NET 504 Creating Web Applications with ASP .NET 505 Building an ASP .NET Application 505 Understanding Server Controls 514 CHAPTER 28 Understanding Validation Controls 525 Comparing Server and Client Validations 525 Server Validation 526 Client Validation 526 Implementing Client Validation 527 CHAPTER 29 Accessing Data with Web Forms 535 Using the Web Forms DataGrid Control 535 Managing Security 536 Understanding Forms-Based Security 536 Implementing Forms-Based Security 537 Querying Data 541 Displaying Customer Information 542 Retrieving Data on Demand 546 Optimizing Data Access 548 Editing Data 550 Deleting Rows 550 Updating Rows 553 CHAPTER 30 Building ASP.NET Applications 559 Additional Features of the DataGrid Control 559 Sorting a DataGrid 560 Using Column Templates 563 Navigating Between Forms 568 Using Buttons and Hyperlinks 569 CHAPTER 31 Building an XML Web Service 579 What Is an XML Web Service? 579 The Role of SOAP 581 What Is the Web Services Description Language? 582 Building the ProductService Web Service 584 Creating the ProductService Web Service 584 Handling Complex Data 589 CHAPTER 32 Consuming a Web Service 597 Web Services, Clients, and Proxies 597 Talking SOAP: The Difficult Way 598 Talking SOAP: The Easy Way 598 Consuming the ProductService Web Service 599 Executing a Web Method Asynchronously 606
