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基本説明
New in paperback. Hardcover was published in 2000.
Full Description
From the rain forests of Borneo to the tenements of Manhattan, winged insects are a conspicuous and abundant feature of life on earth. Here, Robert Dudley presents the first comprehensive explanation of how insects fly. The author relates the biomechanics of flight to insect ecology and evolution in a major new work of synthesis. The book begins with an overview of insect flight biomechanics. Dudley explains insect morphology, wing motions, aerodynamics, flight energetics, and flight metabolism within a modern phylogenetic setting. Drawing on biomechanical principles, he describes and evaluates flight behavior and the limits to flight performance. The author then takes the next step by developing evolutionary explanations of insect flight. He analyzes the origins of flight in insects, the roles of natural and sexual selection in determining how insects fly, and the relationship between flight and insect size, pollination, predation, dispersal, and migration. Dudley ranges widely--from basic aerodynamics to muscle physiology and swarming behavior--but his focus is the explanation of functional design from evolutionary and ecological perspectives.
The importance of flight in the lives of insects has long been recognized but never systematically evaluated. This book addresses that shortcoming. Robert Dudley provides an introduction to insect flight that will be welcomed by students and researchers in biomechanics, entomology, evolution, ecology, and behavior.
Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix SYMBOLS xi CHAPTER ONE Flight and the Pterygote Insecta 3 1.1 Insect Diversity 5 1.2 Basic Aerodynamics 15 1.3 Why Study Flight Biomechanics? 29 1.4 Summary 34 CHAPTER TWO Morphology of the Flight Apparatus 36 2.1 Thoracic Design 36 2.2 Wings 52 2.3 Ancillary Structures 72 2.4 Summary 74 CHAPTER THREE Kinematics and Aerodynamics of Flight 75 3.1 Wing and Body Motions 75 3.2 Aerodynamics 105 3.3 Mechanical Power Requirements 144 3.4 Summary 157 CHAPTER FOUR Energetics and Flight Physiology 159 4.1 Oxygen Consumption 159 4.2 Muscle Physiology 172 4.3 Thermoregulation in Flight 196 4.4 Summary 157 CHAPTER FIVE Stability, Maneuverability, and Maximum Flight Performance 203 5.1 Stability 203 5.2 Maneuverability 222 5.3 Three-Dimensional Flight Behavior 233 5.4 Limits to Insect Flight Performance 242 5.5 Summary 259 CHAPTER SIX Evolution of Flight and Flightlessness 261 6.1 Origin of Flight in Hexapods 261 6.2 Evolutionary Consequences of Flight and Flightlessness 291 6.3 Summary 300 CHAPTER SEVEN Flight and Insect Diversification 302 7.1 Miniaturization 302 7.2 Pollination 309 7.3 Predation 313 7.4 Long-Range Dispersal and Migration 322 7.5 Comparison of Insect and Vertebrate Flight 331 7.6 Summary 336 CHAPTER EIGHT Future Directions in Insect Flight Biomechanics 338 8.1 Aerodynamic Mechanisms 338 8.2 Insect Flight Biomechanics in Nature 341 8.3 Exploring Insect Diversity 347 GLOSSARY 353 REFERENCES 361 INDEX 465
