Diplomacy of Conscience : Amnesty International and Changing Human Rights Norms

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Diplomacy of Conscience : Amnesty International and Changing Human Rights Norms

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  • 製本 Paperback:紙装版/ペーパーバック版／ページ数 200 p.
  • 言語 ENG
  • 商品コード 9780691057439
  • DDC分類 323.0601

Full Description

A small group founded Amnesty International in 1961 to translate human rights principles into action. Diplomacy of Conscience provides a rich account of how the organization pioneered a combination of popular pressure and expert knowledge to advance global human rights. To an extent unmatched by predecessors and copied by successors, Amnesty International has employed worldwide publicity campaigns based on fact-finding and moral pressure to urge governments to improve human rights practices. Less well known is Amnesty International's significant impact on international law. It has helped forge the international community's repertoire of official responses to the most severe human rights violations, supplementing moral concern with expertise and conceptual vision. Diplomacy of Conscience traces Amnesty International's efforts to strengthen both popular human rights awareness and international law against torture, disappearances, and political killings.
Drawing on primary interviews and archival research, Ann Marie Clark posits that Amnesty International's strenuously cultivated objectivity gave the group political independence and allowed it to be critical of all governments violating human rights. Its capacity to investigate abuses and interpret them according to international standards helped it foster consistency and coherence in new human rights law. Generalizing from this study, Clark builds a theory of the autonomous role of nongovernmental actors in the emergence of international norms pitting moral imperatives against state sovereignty. Her work is of substantial historical and theoretical relevance to those interested in how norms take shape in international society, as well as anyone studying the increasing visibility of nongovernmental organizations on the international scene.

Contents

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi CHAPTER ONE Amnesty International in International Politics 3 CHAPTER TWO How Norms Grow 21 CHAPTER THREE Torture 37 CHAPTER FOUR Disappearances 70 CHAPTER FIVE Extrajudicial Executions 101 CHAPTER SIX NGOs and Norms in International Politics 124 APPENDIX: Interviews 143 NOTES 145 BIBLIOGRAPHY 169 INDEX 177