基本説明
From passports to labor registration and alien documentation, from fingerprinting to DNA-typing, this volume covers a period from early modern Europe through to the present day, and a geographic range includes Europe, the Soviet Union, North South America, and Africa.
Full Description
This book addresses one of the least studied yet most pervasive aspects of modern life--the techniques and mechanisms by which official agencies certify individual identity. From passports and identity cards to labor registration and alien documentation, from fingerprinting to much-debated contemporary issues such as DNA-typing, body surveillance, and the catastrophic results of colonial-era identity documentation in postcolonial Rwanda, Documenting Individual Identity offers the most comprehensive historical overview of this fascinating topic ever published. The nineteen essays in this volume represent the collaborative effort of historians, sociologists, historians of science, political scientists, economists, and specialists in international relations. Together they cover a period from the emergence of systematic practices of written identification in early modern Europe through to the present day, and a geographic range that includes Europe, the Soviet Union, North and South America, and Africa.
While the book is attuned to the nefarious possibilities of states' increasing capacity to identify individuals, it recognizes that these same techniques also certify citizens' eligibility for significant positive rights, such as welfare benefits and voting. Unprecedented in subject and scope, Documenting Individual Identity promises to shape a whole new field of research that crosses disciplinary boundaries and is of broad public and academic significance. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Valentin Groebner, Gerard Noiriel, Charles Steinwedel, Marc Garcelon, Jon Agar, Martine Kaluszynski, Peter Becker, Anne Joseph, Kristin Ruggiero, Andrea Geselle, Andreas Fahrmeier, Leo Lucassen, Pamela Sankar, David Lyon, Gary Marx, Dita Vogel, and Timothy Longman.
Contents
Acknowledgments ix Introduction: Jane Caplan and John Torpey 1 PART ONE: CREATING APPARATUSES OF IDENTIFICATION 13 1. Describing the Person, Reading the Signs in Late Medieval and Renaissance Europe: Identity Papers, Veste Figures, and the Limits of Identification, 1400-1600 by Valentin Groebner 15 2. The Identification of the Citizen: The Birth of Republican Civil Status in France by Gerard Noiriel 28 3. "This or That Particular Person": Protocols of Identification in Nineteenth-Century Europe by Jane Caplan 49 4. Making Social Groups, One Person at a Time: The Identification of Individuals by Estate, Religious Confession, an Ethnicity in Late Imperial Russia by Charles Steinwedel 67 5. Colonizing the Subject: The Genealogy an Legacy of the Soviet Internal Passport by Marc Garcelon 83 6. Modern Horrors: British Identity and Identity Cards by Jon Agar 101 PART TWO: IDENTIFICATION RACTICES AND POLICING 121 7. Republican Identity: Bertillonage as Government Technique by Martine Kaluszynski 123 8. The Standardize Gaze: The Standardization of the Search Warrant in Nineteenth-Century Germany by Peter Becker 139 9. Anthropometry, the Police Expert, an the Deptford Murders: The Contested Introduction of Fingerprinting for the Identification of Criminals in Late Victorian an Edwardian Britain by Anne M. Joseph 164 10. Fingerprinting an the Argentine lan for Universal Identification in the Late Nineteenth an Early Twentieth Centuries by Kristin Ruggiero 184 PART THREE: IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL OF MOVEMENT 197 11. Domenica Saba Takes to the Road: Origins an Development of a Modern Passport System in Lombardy-Veneto by Andrea Geselle 199 12. Governments and Forgers: Passports in Nineteenth-Century Europe by Andreas Fahrmeir 218 13. A Many-Headed Monster: The Evolution of the Passport System in the Netherlands an Germany in the Long Nineteenth Century by Leo Lucassen 235 14. The Great War an the Birth of the Modern Passport System by John Torpey 256 PART FOUR: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN IDENTIFICATION 271 15. DNA-Typing: Galton's Eugenic Dream Realized? by Pamela Sankar 273 16. Under My Skin: From Identification Papers to Body Surveillance by David Lyon 291 17. Identity an Anonymity: Some Conceptual Distinctions and Issues for Research by Gary T. Marx 311 18. Identifiying Unauthorize Foreign Workers in the German Labor Market by Dita Vogel 328 19. Identity Cards, Ethnic Self-Perception, and Genocide in Rwanda by Timothy Longman 345 Bibliography 359 Notes on Contributors 397 Index 403
