- ホーム
- > 洋書
- > 英文書
- > Science / Mathematics
Full Description
Sequence similarity is a powerful tool for discovering biological function. Just as the ancient Greeks used comparative anatomy to understand the human body and linguists used the Rosetta stone to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphs, today we can use comparative sequence analysis to understand genomes. BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool), is a sophisticated software package for rapid searching of nucleotide and protein databases. It is one of the most important software packages used in sequence analysis and bioinformatics. Most users of BLAST, however, seldom move beyond the program's default parameters, and never take advantage of its full power. BLAST is the only book completely devoted to this popular suite of tools. It offers biologists, computational biology students, and bioinformatics professionals a clear understanding of BLAST as well as the science it supports. This book shows you how to move beyond the default parameters, get specific answers using BLAST, and how to interpret your results.
The book also contains tutorial and reference sections covering NCBI-BLAST and WU-BLAST, background material to help you understand the statistics behind BLAST, Perl scripts to help you prepare your data and analyze your results, and a wealth of tips and tricks for configuring BLAST to meet your own research needs. Some of the topics covered include: * BLAST basics and the NCBI web interface * How to select appropriate search parameters * BLAST programs: BLASTN, BLASTP, BLASTX, TBLASTN, TBLASTX, PHI-BLAST, and PSI BLAST * Detailed BLAST references, including NCBI-BLAST and WU-BLAST * Understanding biological sequences * Sequence similarity, homology, scoring matrices, scores, and evolution * Sequence Alignment * Calculating BLAST statistics * Industrial-strength BLAST, including developing applications with Perl and BLASTBLAST is the only comprehensive reference with detailed, accurate information on optimizing BLAST searches for high-throughput sequence analysis. This is a book that any biologist should own.
Contents
Foreword Preface Part I. Introduction 1. Hello BLAST What Is BLAST? Using NCBI-BLAST Alternate Output Formats Alternate Alignment Views The Next Step Further Reading Part II. Theory 2. Biological Sequences The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology Evolution Genomes and Genes Biological Sequences and Similarity Further Reading 3. Sequence Alignment Global Alignment: Needleman-Wunsch Local Alignment: Smith-Waterman Dynamic Programming Algorithmic Complexity Global Versus Local Variations Final Thoughts Further Reading 4. Sequence Similarity Introduction to Information Theory Amino Acid Similarity Scoring Matrices Target Frequencies, lambda, and H Sequence Similarity Karlin-Altschul Statistics Sum Statistics and Sum Scores Further Reading Part III. Practice 5. BLAST The Five BLAST Programs The BLAST Algorithm Further Reading 6. Anatomy of a BLAST Report Basic Structure Alignments 7. A BLAST Statistics Tutorial Basic BLAST Statistics Using Statistics to Understand BLAST Results Where Did My Oligo Go? 8. 20 Tips to Improve Your BLAST Searches 8.1 Don't Use the Default Parameters 8.2 Treat BLAST Searches as Scientific Experiments 8.3 Perform Controls, Especially in the Twilight Zone 8.4 View BLAST Reports Graphically 8.5 Use the Karlin-Altschul Equation to Design Experiments 8.6 When Troubleshooting, Read the Footer First 8.7 Know When to Use Complexity Filters 8.8 Mask Repeats in Genomic DNA 8.9 Segment Large Genomic Sequences 8.10 Be Skeptical of Hypothetical Proteins 8.11 Expect Contaminants in EST Databases 8.12 Use Caution When Searching Raw Sequencing Reads 8.13 Look for Stop Codons and Frame-Shifts to find Pseudo-Genes 8.14 Consider Using Ungapped Alignment for BLASTX, TBLASTN, and TBLASTX 8.15 Look for Gaps in Coverage as a Sign of Missed Exons 8.16 Parse BLAST Reports with Bioperl 8.17 Perform Pilot Experiments 8.18 Examine Statistical Outliers 8.19 Use links and topcomboN to Make Sense of Alignment Groups 8.20 How to Lie with BLAST Statistics 9. BLAST Protocols BLASTN Protocols BLASTP Protocols BLASTX Protocols TBLASTN Protocols TBLASTX Protocols Part IV. Industrial-Strength BLAST 10. Installation and Command-Line Tutorial NCBI-BLAST Installation WU-BLAST Installation Command-Line Tutorial Editing Scoring Matrices 11. BLAST Databases FASTA Files BLAST Databases Sequence Databases Sequence Database Management Strategies 12. Hardware and Software Optimizations The Persistence of Memory CPUs and Computer Architecture Compute Clusters Distributed Resource Management Software Tricks Optimized NCBI-BLAST Part V. BLAST Reference 13. NCBI-BLAST Reference Usage Statements Command-Line Syntax blastall Parameters formatdb Parameters fastacmd Parameters megablast Parameters bl2seq Parameters blastpgp Parameters (PSI-BLAST and PHI-BLAST) blastclust Parameters 14. WU-BLAST Reference Usage Statements Command-Line Syntax WU-BLAST Parameters xdformat Parameters xdget Parameters Part VI. Appendixes A. NCBI Display Formats B. Nucleotide Scoring Schemes C. NCBI-BLAST Scoring Schemes D. blast-imager.pl E. blast2table.pl Glossary Index
