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基本説明
New in paperback. Hardcover was published in 2001. In 1799, taxes stood at 20% of national income; by 1914, they were 10%. This exercise in fiscal containment created a sense of equity and trust, lending the government the high level of political legitimacy which allowed it to fund war and welfare in the 20th century.
Full Description
Professor Martin Daunton's major study of the politics of taxation in the 'long' nineteenth century examines the complex financial relationship between the state and its citizens. In 1799, taxes stood at 20 per cent of national income; by the outbreak of the First World War, they had fallen to less than half of their previous level. The process of fiscal containment resulted in a high level of trust in the financial rectitude of the government and in the equity of the tax system, contributing to the political legitimacy of the British state in the second half of the nineteenth century. As a result, the state was able to fund the massive enterprises of war and welfare in the twentieth century. Combining research with a comprehensive survey of existing knowledge, this lucid and wide-ranging book represents a major contribution to our understanding of Victorian and Edwardian Britain.
Contents
List of illustrations; List of figures; List of tables; Preface; List of abbreviations; 1. Trust, collective action and the state; 2. 'The great tax eater': the limits of the fiscal-military state, 1793-1842; 3. 'Philosophical administration and constitutional control': the emergence of the Gladstonian fiscal constitution; 4. 'A cheap purchase of future security': establishing the income tax, 1842-60; 5. 'Our real war chest': the national debt, war and empire; 6. 'The sublime rule of proportion': ability to pay and the social structure, 1842-1906; 7. 'The minimum of irritation': fiscal administration and civil society, 1842-1914; 8. 'The right of a dead hand': death and taxation; 9. 'Athenian democracy': the fiscal system and the local state, 1835-1914; 10. 'The end of our taxation tether': the limits of the Gladstonian fiscal constitution, 1894-1906; 11. 'The modern income tax': remaking the fiscal constitution, 1906-14; 12. Conclusion; Appendix: chancellors of the Exchequer, 1841-1914; Bibliography; Index.
