土壌変化<br>Understanding Soil Change : Soil Sustainability over Millennia, Centuries, and Decades

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土壌変化
Understanding Soil Change : Soil Sustainability over Millennia, Centuries, and Decades

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  • 製本 Hardcover:ハードカバー版／ページ数 272 p.
  • 言語 ENG
  • 商品コード 9780521771719
  • DDC分類 631.49775

基本説明

New in paperback. Hardcover was published in 2001.

Full Description

Across the world, soils are managed with an intensity and at a geographic scale never before attempted, yet we know remarkably little about how and why managed soils change through time. Understanding Soil Change explores a legacy of soil change in south-eastern North America, a region of global ecologic, agricultural and forestry significance: from the acidic soils of primary hardwood forests that covered the region until about 1800, through the marked transformations affected by long-cultivated cotton, to contemporary soils of rapidly growing and intensively managed pine forests. These well-documented records significantly enrich the science of ecology and pedology, and provide valuable lessons for land management throughout the world. The book calls for the establishment of a global network of soil-ecosystem studies, like the invaluable Calhoun study on which the book is based, to provide further information on sustainable land management, vital as human demands on soil continue to increase.

Contents

Preface; Acknowledgements; Foreword William A. Reiners and Pedro A. Sánchez; Part I. Soil and Sustainability: 1. Concerns about soil in the modern world; 2. Managing soils for productivity and environmental quality; 3. Biogeochemical sciences in support of soil management; 4. The science of estimating soil change; 5. Soil change over millennia, centuries and decades; 6. The Calhoun forest: a window to understanding soil change; Part II. Soil Change over Time Scales of Millennia: Long-Term Pedogenesis; 7. Soil development from the Devonian to Mendocino and Hawaii; 8. Genesis of advanced weathering-stage soils at the Calhoun ecosystem; 9. The Calhoun soil profile; 10. The forest's biogeochemical attack on soil minerals; Part III. Soil Change over Time Scales of Centuries: Conversion of Primary Forests to Agricultural Fields: 11. Agricultural beginnings: Native American cultivation; 12. Soil biogeochemistry in cotton fields of the Old South; 13. Agricultural legacies in old-field soils; Part IV. Soil Change over Time Scales of Decades: Conversion of Agricultural Fields to Secondary Forests: 14. The birth of a new forest; 15. Accumulation and rapid turnover of soil carbon in a re-establishing forest; 16. Satisfying a forest's four-decade nitrogen demand; 17. Soil re-acidification and circulation of nutrient cations; 18. Changes in soil-phosphorus fractions in a re-establishing forest; Part V. Soil Change and the Future: 19. The case for long-term soil-ecosystem experiments; Epilogue; Recommended readings; Appendix I. Carbonic acid weathering reactions; Appendix II. Simulation of bomb-produced 14C in the forest floor at the Calhoun Experimental Forest, SC; Appendix III. Sources of variation in the Calhoun Experimental Forest's main analysis of variance (ANOVA); Appendix IV. Total elemental concentrations for soils from the Calhoun Experimental Forest, SC; References; Index.