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基本説明
About the impact and consequences of electoral reform for political representation and voting vehavior.
Full Description
From Kosovo to Kabul, the last decade witnessed growing interest in ?electoral engineering?. Reformers have sought to achieve either greater government accountability through majoritarian arrangements or wider parliamentary diversity through proportional formula. Underlying the normative debates are important claims about the impact and consequences of electoral reform for political representation and voting behavior. The study compares and evaluates two broad schools of thought, each offering contracting expectations. One popular approach claims that formal rules define electoral incentives facing parties, politicians and citizens. By changing these rules, rational choice institutionalism claims that we have the capacity to shape political behavior. Alternative cultural modernization theories differ in their emphasis on the primary motors driving human behavior, their expectations about the pace of change, and also their assumptions about the ability of formal institutional rules to alter, rather than adapt to, deeply embedded and habitual social norms and patterns of human behavior.
Contents
Part I. Introduction: 1. Do rules matter?; 2. Classifying electoral systems; 3. Evaluating electoral systems; Part II. The Consequences for Voting Behavior: 4. Party systems; 5. Social cleavages; 6. Party loyalties; 7. Turnout; Part III. The Consequences for Political Representation: 8. Women; 9. Ethnic minorities; 10. Constituency service; Part IV. Conclusions: 11. The impact of electoral engineering.
