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Planetary Sciences
De Pater, Imke Lissauer, Jack Jonathan
Hardcover:ハードカバー版  |
Preface xv
Color Plates xvii
Introduction 1 (18)
Inventory of the Solar System 1 (4)
Giant Planets 2 (1)
Terrestrial Planets and Other `Debris' 2 (1)
Satellite and Ring Systems 2 (2)
Heliosphere 4 (1)
Planetary Properties 5 (10)
Orbit 5 (2)
Mass 7 (5)
Size 12 (1)
Rotation 12 (1)
Shape 13 (1)
Temperature 13 (1)
Magnetic Field 14 (1)
Surface Composition 14 (1)
Surface Structure 14 (1)
Atmospheric Structure and Composition 14 (1)
Planetary Interiors 15 (1)
Formation of the Solar System 15 (4)
Further Reading 16 (1)
Problems 17 (2)
Dynamics 19 (26)
The Two-Body Problem 19 (3)
Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion 19 (1)
Newton's Laws of Motion and the Universal 19 (1)
Law of Gravitation
Elliptical Motion, Orbital Elements, the 20 (1)
Orbit in Space
Elliptical, Parabolic and Hyperbolic 21 (1)
Orbits
Gravitational Potential 22 (1)
The Three-Body Problem 22 (3)
Jacobi's Constant and Lagrangian Points 22 (2)
Horseshoe and Tadpole Orbits 24 (1)
Hill Sphere 24 (1)
`Planetary' Perturbations and Resonances 25 (4)
Perturbed Keplerian Motion 25 (2)
Resonances 27 (1)
The Resonance Overlap Criterion and 28 (1)
Jacobi-Hill Stability
Long-Term Stability of Planetary Orbits 29 (1)
Secular Perturbation Theory 29 (1)
Chaos and Planetary Motions 29 (1)
Orbits About an Oblate Planet 30 (1)
Gravitational Potential of an 30 (1)
Axisymmetric Planet
Precession of Particle Orbits 31 (1)
Tides 31 (4)
The Tidal Force and Tidal Bulges 31 (1)
Tidal Torque 32 (3)
Dissipative Forces and the Orbits of Small 35 (10)
Bodies
Radiation Force (micrometer-sized 35 (1)
particles)
Poynting-Robertson Drag (centimeter-sized 36 (1)
grains)
Yarkovski Effect (meter-kilometer-sized 37 (1)
objects)
Corpuscular Drag (submicrometer-sized 37 (1)
particles)
Gas Drag 38 (1)
Further Reading 38 (1)
Problems 39 (6)
Solar Heating and Energy Transport 45 (20)
Energy Balance and Temperature 45 (4)
Thermal (Blackbody) Radiation 45 (2)
Temperature 47 (2)
Energy Transport 49 (10)
Conduction 50 (1)
Radiation 51 (7)
Convection 58 (1)
Radiative Equilibrium in an Atmosphere 59 (6)
Thermal Profile 59 (1)
Atmosphere Heatd from Below: Greenhouse 60 (1)
Effect
Further Reading 61 (1)
Problems 61 (4)
Planetary Atmospheres 65 (72)
Density and Scale Height 65 (1)
Thermal Structure 65 (7)
Heat Sources and Transport of Energy 67 (3)
Observed Thermal Structure 70 (2)
Atmospheric Composition 72 (17)
Spectra 72 (3)
Line Profiles 75 (2)
Observations 77 (12)
Clouds 89 (7)
Wet Adiabatic Lapse Rate 90 (3)
Clouds on Earth 93 (1)
Clouds on Other Planets 94 (2)
Meteorology 96 (14)
Winds Forced by Solar Heating 97 (1)
Wind Equations 98 (1)
Horizontal Winds 99 (3)
Storm Systems 102 (3)
Observations 105 (5)
Photochemistry 110 (15)
Photodissociation and Recombination 112 (5)
Photoionization: Ionospheres 117 (3)
Electric Currents 120 (2)
Airglow and Aurora 122 (3)
Molecular and Eddy Diffusion 125 (2)
Diffusion 125 (1)
Eddy Diffusion Coefficient 126 (1)
Atmospheric Escape 127 (2)
Thermal or Jeans Escape 127 (1)
Nonthermal Escape 128 (1)
Atmospheric Blowoff and Impact Erosion 129 (1)
Evolution of Terrestrial Planet Atmospheres 129 (8)
and Climate
Earth 130 (1)
Mars 131 (1)
Venus 132 (1)
Further Reading 132 (1)
Problems 133 (4)
Planetary Surfaces 137 (75)
Mineralogy and Petrology 138 (6)
Minerals 138 (2)
Rocks 140 (4)
Crystallization of a Magma 144 (5)
Phases of the Magma 144 (2)
Magma 146 (3)
Surface Morphology 149 (9)
Gravity and Rotation 149 (1)
Tectonics 149 (2)
Volcanism 151 (5)
Atmospheric Effects on Landscape 156 (2)
Morphology
Impact Cratering 158 (20)
Crater Morphology 159 (2)
Crater Formation 161 (7)
Impact Modification by Atmospheres 168 (1)
Spatial Density of Craters 169 (4)
The Impact of Comet D/Shoemaker-Levy 9 173 (3)
with Jupiter
Dangers of Impacts on Earth and the 176 (2)
Extinction of the Dinosaurs
Surface Geology of Individual Bodies 178 (34)
Moon 179 (1)
Mercury 180 (2)
Venus 182 (4)
Mars 186 (7)
Satellites of Jupiter 193 (8)
Satellites of Saturn 201 (4)
Satellites of Uranus 205 (2)
Satellites of Neptune 207 (1)
Pluto and Charon 208 (1)
Further Reading 209 (1)
Problems 209 (3)
Planetary Interiors 212 (41)
Modeling the Interior Structure of a Planet 212 (15)
Hydrostatic Equilibrium 213 (1)
Constituent Relations 213 (5)
Equation of State 218 (1)
Gravity Field 219 (4)
Internal Heat: Sources and Losses 223 (4)
Seismic Tomography and the Earth's Interior 227 (9)
Seismology 228 (3)
Interior Structure of the Earth 231 (5)
Interior Structure of Other Terrestrial 236 (7)
Bodies and Moons
Moon 236 (2)
Mercury 238 (1)
Venus 238 (1)
Mars 239 (3)
Solid Bodies in the Outer Solar System 242 (1)
Interior Structure of the Giant Planets 243 (10)
Modeling the Giant Planets 243 (1)
Interior Structure of Jupiter and Saturn 244 (1)
Interior Structure of Uranus and Neptune 245 (3)
Further Reading 248 (1)
Problems 248 (5)
Planetary Magnetospheres and the 253 (54)
Interplanetary Medium
The Interplanetary Medium 253 (9)
Solar Wind 253 (5)
Maxwell's Equations 258 (1)
Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) 259 (1)
Interaction of the Solar Wind with Planets 259 (3)
Shocks 262 (1)
Magnetic Field Configuration: Mathematical 262 (3)
Description
Overview 262 (1)
Dipole Magnetic Field 263 (1)
Multipole Expansion of the Magnetic Field 263 (2)
Magnetospheric Plasma and Particle Motions 265 (9)
Particle Motions: Adiabatic Invariants 265 (2)
Drift Motions in a Magnetosphere 267 (3)
Electric Fields 270 (2)
Particle Sources and Sinks 272 (1)
Particle Diffusion 273 (1)
Magnetospheres of Individual Bodies 274 (15)
Earth 274 (6)
Mercury 280 (1)
Venus, Mars and the Moon 280 (3)
Jupiter 283 (5)
Saturn 288 (1)
Uranus 288 (1)
Neptune 289 (1)
Radio Emissions 289 (8)
Low Frequency Radio Emissions 290 (1)
Synchrotron Radiation 291 (1)
Radio Observations 292 (5)
Waves in Magnetospheres 297 (4)
General Wave Theory (Summary) 297 (2)
MHD Waves 299 (1)
Plasma Waves 300 (1)
Generation of Magnetic Fields 301 (6)
Magnetic Dynamo Theory 301 (2)
Variability in Magnetic Fields 303 (1)
Further Reading 303 (1)
Problems 304 (3)
Meteorites 307 (24)
Basic Classification and Fall Statistics 307 (3)
Source Regions 310 (4)
Fall Phenomena: Atmospheric Entry to Impact 314 (3)
Chemical and Isotopic Fractionation 317 (1)
Chemical Separation 317 (1)
Isotopic Fractionation 317 (1)
Radiometric Dating 318 (4)
Radioactive Decay 318 (1)
Dating Rocks Containing Radioactive 319 (2)
Isotopes
Extinct-Nuclide Dating 321 (1)
Interval Between Final Nucleosynthesis 321 (1)
and Condensation
Cosmic Ray Exposure Ages 322 (1)
Physical Characteristics of Chondrites 322 (1)
Meteorite Clues to the Formation of the 323 (8)
Solar System
Meteorites from Differentiated Bodies 324 (1)
Primitive Meteorites 324 (4)
Further Reading 328 (1)
Problems 328 (3)
Asteroids 331 (35)
Orbits 331 (4)
Size Distribution and Collisional Evolution 335 (5)
Size Distribution 335 (1)
Collisions 336 (1)
Rotation 337 (1)
Interplanetary Dust 338 (2)
Observing Techniques 340 (12)
Radiometry 341 (3)
Photometric Lightcurves 344 (1)
Polarimetry 344 (2)
Adaptive Optics 346 (1)
Interferometry 346 (2)
Radar Observations 348 (3)
Determination of an Asteroid's Mass and 351 (1)
Density
Surface Composition 352 (5)
Asteroid Taxonomy 352 (4)
Spatial Distribution of Taxonomic Classes 356 (1)
Structure 357 (4)
Asteroid Surface Characteristics from 357 (1)
Disk-Averaged Ground-Based Observations
Detailed Images of Individual Asteroids 358 (3)
and Mors's Moons
Magnetic Fields? 361 (1)
Origin and Evolution of the Asteroid Belt 361 (5)
Further Reading 362 (1)
Problems 362 (4)
Comets 366 (37)
Nomenclature 366 (2)
Cometary Orbits and Comet Reservoirs 368 (4)
Oort Cloud 368 (1)
Kuiper Belt 369 (2)
Nongravitational Forces 371 (1)
Gaseous Coma 372 (13)
Solar Heating 372 (2)
Outflow of Gas 374 (1)
Photodissociation and Chemical Evolution 375 (1)
Excitation and Emission 376 (2)
Composition 378 (5)
X-Ray Emissions 383 (1)
Comet Taxonomy 384 (1)
Dust 385 (4)
Morphology 385 (2)
Observed Dust Properties 387 (2)
Escape of Dust 389 (1)
Magnetosphere 389 (3)
Morphology 390 (2)
Plasma Tail 392 (1)
Nucleus 392 (5)
Size, Shape and Albedo 392 (1)
Rotation 393 (1)
Splitting and Disruption 394 (1)
Surface Properties 395 (2)
Chemical Processing of Comets at Large 397 (1)
Heliocentric Distances
Comet Formation and Constraints on Theories 397 (2)
of Solar System Formation
Where did Comets and Cometary Ices Form? 398 (1)
Dynamical Constraints 398 (1)
Future 399 (4)
Further Reading 399 (1)
Problems 400 (3)
Planetary Rings 403 (36)
Tidal Forces and Roche's Limit 404 (2)
Flattening and Spreading of Rings 406 (2)
Observations of Planetary Rings 408 (11)
Jupiter's Rings 408 (3)
Saturn's Rings 411 (5)
Uranus's Rings 416 (3)
Neptune's Rings 419 (1)
Ring-Moon Interactions 419 (10)
Resonances 419 (2)
Spiral Density Waves and Spiral Bending 421 (5)
Waves
Shepherding 426 (2)
Longitudinal Confinement 428 (1)
Physics of Dust Rings 429 (3)
Radiation Forces 430 (1)
Interactions of Charged Grains with 430 (2)
Planetary Magnetospheres
Spokes in Saturn's Rings 432 (1)
Meteoroid Bombardment of Planetary Rings 432 (2)
Accretion of Interplanetary Debris 433 (1)
Ballistic Transport 433 (1)
Mass Supply to Rings from Satellite Ejecta 433 (1)
Origins of Planetary Rings 434 (1)
Summary 435 (4)
Further Reading 436 (1)
Problems 436 (3)
Planet Formation 439 (37)
Observational Constraints 439 (1)
Nucleosynthesis: A Concise Summary 440 (3)
Primordial Nucleosynthesis 440 (1)
Stellar Nucleosynthesis 441 (2)
Star Formation: A Brief Overview 443 (3)
Molecular Cloud Cores 443 (1)
Collapse of Molecular Cloud Cores and 443 (1)
Star Formation
Observations of Star Formation 444 (2)
Observations of Circumstellar Disks 446 (1)
Evolution of the Solar Nebula: The 446 (7)
Protoplanetary Disk
Infall Stage 448 (1)
Internal Dynamical Evolution of the Disk 448 (2)
Chemistry in the Disk 450 (2)
Clearing Stage 452 (1)
Condensation and Growth of Solid Bodies 453 (6)
Timescales for Planetesimal Formation 453 (1)
Formation of Solid Planetesimals 453 (2)
Growth from Planetesimals to Planetary 455 (4)
Embryos
Formation of the Terrestrial Planets 459 (3)
Dynamics of the Final Stages of 459 (1)
Planetesimal Accumulation
Accretional Heating and Planetary 460 (1)
Differentation
Accumulation (and Loss) of Atmospheric 461 (1)
Volatiles
Formation of the Giant Planets 462 (2)
Gas-Instability Hypothesis (Giant Gaseous 463 (1)
Protoplanets)
Core-Instability Hypothesis 463 (1)
Planetary Migration 464 (1)
Small Bodies in Orbit About the Sun 465 (1)
Asteroids and Meteorites 465 (1)
Comets 465 (1)
Planetary Rotation 466 (1)
Origin of Planetary Satellites 466 (2)
Confronting Theory with Observations 468 (8)
Dynamical State of the Solar System 469 (1)
Composition of Planetary Bodies 470 (1)
Conclusions 470 (1)
Further Reading 470 (1)
Problems 471 (5)
Extrasolar Planets 476 (11)
Physics and Sizes of Giant Planets, Brown 476 (2)
Dwarfs and Low-Mass Stars
Detecting Extrasolar Planets 478 (2)
Pulsar Timing 478 (1)
Radial Velocity Measurements 478 (1)
Astrometry 478 (1)
Photometric Detection of Transits 479 (1)
Microlensing 479 (1)
Imaging 480 (1)
Other Techniques 480 (1)
Observations of Extrasolar Planets 480 (2)
Models for the Formation of Planets 482 (1)
Observed to Orbit Main Sequence Stars Other
Than the Sun
Planets and Life 483 (1)
SETI 484 (1)
Conclusions 484 (3)
Further Reading 486 (1)
Problems 486 (1)
Appendix A: List of Symbols Used 487 (4)
Appendix B: Units, Constants, Conversions 491 (2)
Appendix C: Periodic Table of the Elements 493 (2)
References 495 (14)
Index 509
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