Full Description
In 2001 the International Law Commission completed its work on State responsibility, begun 40 years previously. The Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts marks a major step in the codification and progressive development of international law, comparable in significance to the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. The Articles cover such topics as attributing conduct to the State; defining when there has been a breach of international law and the excuses or justifications for breaches; reparation for injustices, the invocation of responsibility, especially standing of States in the public interest, and the rules relating to countermeasures. The Articles develop basic concepts of international law, in particular peremptory norms and obligations to the international community as a whole. They signal definitively how international law has moved away from a purely bilateral conception of responsibility to accommodate categories of general public interest (human rights, the environment etc.).
Contents
Preface; Note on sources and style; List of abbreviations; Table of cases; Introduction; Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts: Part I. The Internationally Wrongful Act of a State: 1. General principles; 2. Attribution of conduct to a state; 3. Breach of an international obligation; 4. Responsibility of a state in connection with the act of another state; 5. Circumstances precluding wrongfulness; Part II. Content of the International Responsibility of a State: 6. General principles; 7. Reparation for injury; 8. Serious breaches of obligations under peremptory norms of general international law; Part III. The Implementation of the International Responsibility of a State: 9. Invocation of the responsibility of a state; 10. Countermeasures; Part IV. General Provisions; Appendix 1: drafting history; Appendix 2: Draft articles on state responsibility provisionally adopted by the International Law Commission on first reading (1996); Appendix 3: table of equivalent articles; Select bibliography; Index.
