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基本説明
Interdisciplinaty in approach, with chapters organized around areas such as neuroscience, visual congnition, developmental, individual differences and dynamical systems.
Full Description
Over the last decade there has been a spate of research on the empirical phenomenon known as "attentional capture". Interest in capture can be attributed not only to its applied significance, but also to the implications of the phenomenon for theories of selective attention, as well as cognitive control in general. This growing interest, however, has also spawned a wide variety of experimental paradigms, empirical results, and theoretical perspectives. In June of 2000, 40 experimental psychologists converged on Villanova University for a conference and workshop on attentional capture. The intent was to provide an intimate forum for scientists from diverse perspectives and backgrounds, and using diverse methodologies to present their research on attentional capture and also engage in small group discussions on such key issues as the definition, measurement, and theoretical treatment of attention capture. This book presents a collection of chapters based on those presentations and discussions. Chapters are organized around areas such as neuroscience, visual cognition, developmental, individual differences and dynamical systems. The volume provides: a summary of the latest cutting edge research; an important compass for future research in this area; a useful survey of the field; contributions from internationally recognized experts in attention. Due to its exclusive focus on the topic of attentional capture the volume should make an excellent supplemental text or reference book for advanced undergraduate or graduate seminars in cognitive psychology and attention.
Contents
Preface
Publisher Summary
Contributors
Publisher Summary
Part I: Neuroscience
1: Electrophysiological Studies of Reflexive Attention
Abstract
Background
The Effects of Reflexive Attentional Capture on Visual Processing: ERP Studies
Inhibition of Return: Inhibition of Perceptual Processing or Motor Programming?
Conclusions
Authors' Notes
2: Inhibition of Return in Monkey and Man
Introduction
Summary and Conclusion
Part II: Visual Cognition
3: Inattentional Blindness and Attentional Capture: Evidence for Attention-Based Theories of Visual Salience
The Present Experiments
Experiment 1
Results and Discussion
Experiment 2
General Discussion
Author Notes
4: Involuntary Orienting to Flashing Distractors in Delayed Search?
Experiment 1
Experiment 2
Experiment 3
Results
General Discussion
5: Attentional Capture in the Spatial and Temporal Domains
The Contingent Capture Hypothesis
A Challenge to the Contingent Capture Hypothesis
New Evidence of Top-Down Control in Visual Search
The RSVP Paradigm and the Attentional Blink
Attentional Capture in the RSVP paradigm
General Discussion
Author Note
6: Attentional and Oculomotor Capture
Attentional Capture
Oculomotor capture
Further speculations
Authors Notes
7: Attention Capture, Orienting, and Awareness
Selective Looking, Inattentional Blindness, and Explicit Attention Capture
Integrating Implicit and Explicit Attention Capture
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Part III: Multiple Modalities
8: Using Pre-pulse Inhibition to Study Attentional Capture: A Warning About Pre-pulse Correlations
Temporal Dynamics of Pre-pulse Inhibition
Pre-pulse Inhibition and Attentional Capture
Classical Conditioning of Pre-pulse Inhibition
Overview
Discussion
Conclusions
9: Temporal Expectancies, Capture, and Timing in Auditory Sequences
I Attending to Visual and Auditory Events: An Overview
II Dynamics of Attending to Auditory Sequences
III Evidence for Dynamic Attending to Slow Auditory Sequences
IV General Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgements
10: Crossmodal Attentional Capture: A Controversy Resolved?
Introduction
Speeded Detection Tasks
Speeded Discrimination Tasks
Implicit spatial discrimination task
Crossmodal Attentional Capture
Modality-Specific vs. Supramodal Attention Systems
Neural Correlates of Crossmodal Capture
Crossmodal Capture in the Applied Domain
Conclusions
Author Notes
Part IV: Developmental
11: Testing Models of Attentional Capture During Early Infancy
The Selectivity of Visual Attention Early in Life
Methodology and Modeling
Some Sample Data on Selectivity and Capture
Considering Other Models
Conclusions
Author Note
12: Attentional Capture, Attentional Control and Aging
Cognitive Aging: Theory and Research
Attentional Control: Interaction of Stimulus-Driven and Goal-Directed Attention
Aging and Attentional Capture
Summary and Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Part V: Individual Differences
13: A Multidisciplinary Perspective on Attentional Control
Relationships Between Motivation and Attention
Individual Differences in Motivation and Attention
Studies Relating Temperament, Motivation, and Attention
Summary and Conclusions
14: Capacity, Control and Conflict: An Individual Differences Perspective on Attentional Capture
Working Memory and Working Memory Capacity
Working Memory Capacity Predicts Attentional Control and Capture: The Evidence
Conclusion
Authors' Notes
Part VI: Dynmical Systems/Evolution
15: A Dynamic, Evolutionary Perspective on Attention Capture1
The Phenomena to be Explained and the Explanations
Limitations to Contemporary Theories of Attention Capture
A Dynamical Systems Framework
Segue
Attention Capture and Biological Evolution
Attention Capture and Cultural Evolution
Social Implications of Attention Capture
Subject index
Publisher Summary
