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"Dilip Naik's Inside Windows Storage is an invaluable reference for developers and customers alike and is a must-read for anyone wishing to implement Windows-based storage networking." --Tom Clark, Director, Technical Marketing, Nishan Systems The Windows and enterprise storage markets are converging. Migrating upwards from low-end servers, Windows is becoming a genuine platform for running mission-critical applications. The enterprise storage market is moving from high-end servers to also include medium range servers. Thanks to a slew of enterprise storage related features, Microsoft Windows storage technologies are rapidly gaining widespread acceptance. System administrators, programmers, and technical managers need to learn to appreciate and to tap the full potential of Windows enterprise storage. Inside Windows Storage is the first book to provide a comprehensive look at new and emerging Microsoft storage technologies. The text begins with an overview of the enterprise storage industry and Windows Server architecture, including the Windows NT I/O subsystem.With that foundation in place, readers explore the ins and outs of current Windows offerings, upcoming Windows server releases, and third-party products.Key topic coverage includes: *Direct Attached Storage, including the new Windows Storport driver model *Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks (SANs) *Network Attached Storage (NAS), including the Windows NT network stack and an overview of CIFS *Backup and restore technologies, including Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 Volume Shadow Copy Service *File systems and disk virtualization, including a detailed overview of NTFS as well as a study of Windows cluster file systems *Storage management, including the new Windows Virtual Disk Service *IP Storage and Infiniband *High availability, including RAID mirroring as well as multi path I/O solutions This extensive guide concludes by tracing Windows NT storage features as they appear in Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, and Windows Server 2003, and by offering a preview of what to expect from future Windows server releases. In short, Inside Windows Storage will help IT professionals gear up for the major role that Windows servers will surely play in the future of enterprise storage.032112698XB06302003
Contents
1. Introduction to Windows NT & Windows NT Storage Device Drivers. Windows Kernel Mode and User Mode.Processes, Process Context and Threads.Windows NT Architecture.Hardware Abstraction Layer.Windows NT Kernel.Windows NT Executive.I/O Subsystem.Graphical Sub System.Win32 Sub System.Windows Device Driver Related Data Structures.Driver Object.Device Object.I/O Request Packet (IRP).Anatomy of a Windows Device Driver.Interrupt Service Routine (ISR).Deferred Processing Call (DPC).Asynchronous Procedure Call (APC).Drivers and I/O Buffers.Buffered I/O.Direct I/O.Neither I/O.Storage Driver Hierarchy and Driver Types.Bus Driver.Port Driver.Class Driver.Windows NT Device Tree for Storage Devices.Volume Management Layer.File System Drivers.Filter Drivers.A Typical Storage Application I/O.Practical Implications.Summary.2. Direct Attached Storage. SCSI.Standards.Functions and Characteristics.Terminology and Commands.IDE/EIDE/ATA.Mini IDE Driver Model.The Emergence of HBAs.LUNs.Storport Driver.Practical Implications.Summary.3. Network Attached Storage. The Emergence of NAS.Windows NT Network Stack.Transport Driver Interface (TDI).RDBSS.Mini Redirectors.Multiple Universal Naming Convention Provider (MUP).Multi Provider Router (MPR).Client Side Caching.Common Internet File System (CIFS) & SMBs.CIFS Flavors.CIFS Protocol Description.CIFS Security.CIFS Authentication.CIFS Optimization Features.NFS.NFSv3.NFSv4.Multi Protocol Access Problems.Windows and NAS.Microsoft Exchange 2000 and NAS.Practical Implications.Summary.4. Introduction to Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks. The Need for Fibre Channel.Network Attached Storage (NAS) and Storage Area Networks (SAN) Comparison.Advantages of Fibre Channel.Scalability.Segregation of Storage.Centralization and Management of Storage.Legacy Device Support.Support for a Larger Number of Devices.Distance.New Functionality Enabled.Fibre Channel Topologies.Point to Point.Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop.Fibre Channel Switched Fabric.Fibre Channel Port Types.Fibre Channel Protocol.Layer FC-0.Layer FC-1.Layer FC-2.Layer FC-3.Layer FC-4.SAN Building Blocks.Host Bus Adapter (HBA).Fibre Channel Cable Types.Connectors.Inter Connect Devices.Fibre Channel Management Concepts.Zoning.LUN Masking.Fibre Channel Interoperability.Practical Implications.Summary.5. Backup and Restore Technologies. Reasons for Backup and Restore.Backup Problems.The Backup Window.Exploding APIs (Application Programming Interfaces).Open Files Problem.Backup Classifications.Backup Classifications Based Upon Architecture.Backup Types Based Upon Functionality.Backup Classifications Based Upon Network Infrastructure.Windows 2000 Backup Utility.Techniques to Create a Volume Snapshot.Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 Volume Shadow Copy Service.Writers.Requestors.Volume Shadow Copy Service.Providers.Windows NT I/O Subsystem Modifications.Windows Powered NAS Devices and Snapshots.Network Data Management ProtocolNDMP.NDMP Architecture.Practical Implications.Summary.6. File Systems. Disks, Partitions and Volumes.Basic Disks.Dynamic Disks.Volumes and Volume Managers.Partition Manager.Mount Manager.Device Tree for Volumes on Basic Disks.Device Tree for Volumes on Dynamic Disks.Device Namespace.Windows File Systems.NTFS.NTFS System Files.NTFS Logical Cluster Numbers and Virtual Cluster Numbers.NTFS MFT Record Structure.NTFS Directories.NTFS Recovery Log.NTFS Security.NTFS Sparse Files.NTFS Compressed Files.NTFS User Disk Space Quotas.NTFS Native Property Sets.File Ownership by User.Improved Access Control List Checking.Change Journal/USN Journal/Change Log File.NTFS Stream Rename.Object IDs and Link Tracking.CHKDSK Improvements.File System Content Indexing.Read Only NTFS.NTFS Fragmentation and De-fragmentation.Encrypting File System (EFS).NTFS Hard Links.Reparse Points.Volume Mount Points.Directory Junction Points.Windows NT Single Instance Storage (SIS).Hierarchical Storage Management.SAN File Systems.Advantages of SAN File Systems.Technical Challenges.Commercially Available SAN Systems.Practical Implications.Summary.7. Storage Management. Common Information Model and WBEM.Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI).Storage Virtualization.Virtualization in the (Host) Server.Virtualization in the Storage Hardware.Virtualization in the Storage Network.In-Band Virtualization.Out-of-Band Virtualization.Microsoft Storage Virtualization Vision.Disk Virtualization Service.Fabric Virtualization Service.HBA API.Management Command Line Utilities.SAN Security.Hierarchical Storage Management (HSM).Remote Storage Service (RSS).Windows 2000 Removable Storage Management (RSM).Storage Management FuturesBluefin and Storage Management Initiative (SMI).Practical Implications.Summary.8. IP Storage and Infiniband. IP Storage.Why IP Storage?iSCSI.Windows NT iSCSI Implementation.FCIP.Internet Fibre Channel Protocol iFCP.Internet Storage Name Service (iSNS).TCP Offload.InfiniBand.InfiniBand Advantages.InfiniBand Architecture.Microsoft and InfiniBand.Practical Implications.Summary.9. High Availability. RAID.RAID 0.RAID 1.RAID 2.RAID 3.RAID 4.RAID 5.Dual Level RAID.Windows NT and RAID Implementation.High Availability Using Redundancy.Microsoft Multi Path Support in Windows 2000, and Windows Server 2003.Existing Multi-Path Solutions.Local and Remote Mirroring.Veritas Volume Replicator and Veritas Storage Replicator.Replistor.Legato Co-Standby Server.Practical Implications.Summary.10. Storage features by Windows Product Release Cycles. Windows NT 4.0.Improved Storage Unit Accessibility.CIFS, NFS, Netware, and Macintosh Client Support.De-fragmentation APIs.Distributed File System (Dfs).Windows 2000.Improved Storage Unit Accessibility.New Volume and Disk Management.Dfs Improvements.Offline Folders and Client Side Caching.File Replication Service.File System Content Indexing.Setup improvements.File System Improvements.NTFS Improvements.Reparse Points.Removable Storage Management (RSM).Encrypting File SystemEFS.System File Protection.Windows Server 2003.STORPORT Driver Model.Volume Shadow Copy Service.Virtual Disk Service (VDS).Multi Path I/O.Improved Manageability.SAN Aware Volume Management.SAN Application Enabling.NTFS Improvements.De-fragmentation Improvements.EFS Improvements.Remote Storage Services.BOOT Improvements.ChkDsk Improvements.Caching Behavior Improvements.Automated System Recovery.Dfs Improvements.WebDAV Redirector.Driver Infrastructure Improvements.HBA API Support.GUID Partition Table (GPT) Disks.Post Windows Server 2003.Fabric Virtualization Service.LUN Management.iSCSI Support.Multi Path I/O.What's Missing?SAN Boot.Reducing the Layers in the Storage Stack.Multi Path I/O for iSCSI.Practical Implications.Summary. 032112698XT03272003
