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Full Description
We must enhance the effectiveness ofland stewardship and management of the world's natural resources to meet a growing global population's need for conservation, sustainable development, and use of land, water, and other natural resources. Ecosystem-based, mul tiple-use land stewardship is necessary when considering the present and future uses ofland, water, and other natural resources on an operationally efficient scale. We need holistically planned and carefully implemented watershed management practices, projects, and pro grams to accommodate the increasing demand for commodities and amenities, clear water, open space, and uncluttered landscapes. An international conference in Tucson, Arizona, from March 13 to 16, 2000, examined these needs and increased people's awareness of the contributions that ecosystem-based, multiple-use watershed management can make to future land stewardship. The conference was sponsored by the School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona; the College of Agriculture, University of Arizona; the Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service; the Research Center for Conservation of Water Resources and Disaster Pre vention, National Chung-Hsing University, Taiwan; the Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota; the Center for Integrated Natural Resources and Agriculture Man agement, University of Minnesota; the Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noreste, Mexico; the International Arid Lands Consortium; the USDA Natural Resources Conserva tion Service; the Bureau of Land Management of the Department of the Interior; the Salt River Project, Phoenix, Arizona; the Southern Arizona Chapter, Southwestern Section of the Society of American Foresters; and IUFRO Working Party 8. 04. 04, Erosion Control by Watershed Management.
Contents
1. Introduction.- 1.1. Watershed Management Approach to Land Stewardship.- 1.1.1. Watershed.- 1.1.2. Watershed Management.- 1.1.3. Watershed Management Practices.- 1.1.4. Watershed Management Approach.- 1.2. Book Organization.- 1.2.1. Perspectives, Problems, Programs.- 1.2.2. A Retrospective Viewpoint.- 1.2.3. Issues to be Confronted in the Future.- 1.2.4. Watershed Management Contributions to Land Stewardship.- 1.2.5. Future Protocols.- 1.3. Summary.- References.- 2. Perspectives, Problems, Programs.- 2.1. Global Views.- 2.1.1. Basin of Mexico.- 2.1.2. Mountainous Watersheds of Taiwan.- 2.1.3. Azraq Basin of Jordan.- 2.1.4. India.- 2.2. Views in the United States.- 2.2.1. Lake States, Northeast, and East.- 2.2.2. Southeast.- 2.2.3. Pacific Northwest.- 2.2.4. Colorado River Basin.- 2.3. Summary.- References.- 3. A Retrospective View.- 3.1. History of Watershed Management.- 3.1.1. Early History.- 3.1.2. Late 19th Century.- 3.1.3. Early 20th Century.- 3.1.4. Middle 20th Century.- 3.1.5. Late 20th Century.- 3.2. Lessons Learned.- 3.2.1. Streamflow.- 3.2.2. Erosion.- 3.2.3. Sedimentation.- 3.2.4. Water Quality.- 3.2.5. Other Natural Resources and the Multiple-Use Concept.- 3.3. Emerging Tools and Technologies.- 3.3.1. Data Acquisition.- 3.3.2. Spatial Analysis and Modeling.- 3.3.3. Internet Applications.- 3.3.4. Decision-Support Systems.- 3.4. Locally Led Watershed Management Initiatives.- 3.4.1. Watershed Partnerships.- 3.4.2. Watershed Councils.- 3.4.3. Watershed Corporations.- 3.5. Summary.- References.- 4. Issues to be Confronted.- 4.1. Sustainability.- 4.2. Global Issues.- 4.2.1. Increasing Water Scarcity.- 4.2.2. Water Pollution Problems.- 4.2.3. Droughts, Floods, Torrents.- 4.2.4. Landslide Occurrences.- 4.2.5. Hydrologic Response of Headwaters.- 4.2.6. Cumulative Watershed Effects.- 4.2.7. Scarcity of Land and Other Natural Resources.- 4.2.8. Tenure Issues.- 4.3. Issues in the United States.- 4.3.1. Maintenance of Water-Quality Standards.- 4.3.2. Role of Prescribed Fire.- 4.3.3. Impact of Roads and Trails.- 4.3.4. Watershed-Riparian Relationships.- 4.3.5. Impacts of Urbanization.- 4.3.6. Best Management Practices (BMPs).- 4.4. Research Needs.- 4.4.1. Planning Tools.- 4.4.2. Hydrologic Research.- 4.4.3. Monitoring and Evaluation Techniques.- 4.4.4. Coastal Estuaries, Lake Shorelines, and Streamside Habitats.- 4.4.5. Participatory Planning Process.- 4.4.6. Policy and Program Evaluation.- 4.5. Summary.- References.- 5. Watershed Management Contributions to Land Stewardship.- 5.1 Factors Impacting Watershed Management.- 5.1.1. Planning Aspects.- 5.1.2. Scale and Topography.- 5.1.3. Management and Administration.- 5.1.4. Land and Resource Tenure.- 5.1.5. Institutional Support and Policy Implications.- 5.1.6. Strategies for Sustainable Watershed Management Projects.- 5.2. Watershed Management Contributions.- 5.2.1. An Improved and Logical Planning Basis.- 5.2.2. Securing Clean Water.- 5.2.3. Sustaining Flows of Natural and Economic Resources.- 5.2.4. Ensuring the Health and Stability of Watershed-Riparian Systems.- 5.2.5. Investment, Employment, and Income Opportunities.- 5.2.6. More Effective Land-Use Policies.- 5.3. Summary.- References.- 6. Future Protocols.- 6.1. Rationale for a Watershed Management Approach to Land Stewardship.- 6.2. Protocols.- 6.2.1. Anticipating Future Landscape Conditions.- 6.2.2. Responding to Increased Water Demands.- 6.2.3. Implementing Effective Policies and Policy Instruments.- 6.3. Adoption of a Watershed Management Approach to Land Stewardship.- 6.3.1. Barriers.- 6.3.2. Overcoming Barriers.- 6.4. Summary.- References.
