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Full Description
Community Health in the 21st Century introduces readers to their roles and responsibilities as members of a global community addressing shared health concerns. This text is the first of its kind to thoroughly explore social, political, economic, and ethical issues associated with community health from a global perspective. The text emphasizes the impact these perspectives have on possible solutions to important health concerns. It addresses environmental issues, school health programs, and unique concerns of community populations such as ethnically diverse people, people of color, the differently abled, older Americans, children, migrants and farm workers, gay men, lesbians, and women. The book acquaints the reader with the roles and responsibilities of community/public health educators, the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States, Healthy People 2010 emphasis areas, and target populations affected by issues of the 21st century.
Contents
I. A FRAMEWORK FOR COMMUNITY HEALTH. 1. An Introduction to Community Health. The Global Nature of Community Health. What is Community Health? Community or Public Health? What are the Latest Community Health Issues? A Focus on Prevention. Healthy People 2010. The Roles of the Community Health Educator. Community Health Education Specialist. Is Community Health Political? 2. The History, Administration and Organization of Community Health. The Origins of Public and Community Health. Ancient and Pre-Modern History. The Middle Ages and Pre-Colonization. Early Health Care in America. Health Care Delivery. The Role of Federal Government. The Role of State Health Departments. The Role of Local Health Departments. Philanthropic Organizations. Volunteer Organizations. Professional Organizations. International Organizations. 3. Financing and Providing Health Care. The Economics of Health Care. Why Is There Inadequate Health Care for All Americans? Poverty. Unemployment. Homelessness. Low Income Single Parents. Insurance. Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs). Preferred Provider Organizations. The Health Care system. Traditional Financing of Health Care. Medicare. Medicaid. Block Grants. 4. The Global Community and its Health Care Issues. Community Health Issues Associated with Population Growth. Birth and Death Rates. Health and Urbanization. Hunger. Undernutrition. Housing. Pest Control. Current International Objectives. 5. Epidemiological Methods and Language. History of Epidemiology. The Science of Epidemiology. The language of Epidemiology. Vital Statistics. Morbidity. Mortality. Epidemiological Research Studies. Environmental Epidemiology. Risk Assessment. Dose-Response Curve. II. THE LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH: LOOKING TOWARD THE FUTURE. 6. Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and Cerebrovascular Diseases. Heart Disease. Preventing Heart Disease. Atherosclerosis. Hypertension. Cholesterol. Smoking. Other Forms of Tobacco. Diabetes. Exercise. Weight. Stress and Personality Traits. Prevention Programs. Cancer. The Most Prevalent Cancers. Preventing Cancer. 7. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Pneumonia and Influenza, Unintentional Injuries, Diabetes. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Influenza. Pneumonia. Accidents. Motor Vehicle Accidents. Preventive Factors. Bicycles. Motorcycles. Recreational Vehicles. Falls. Poisoning. Drowning. Fire. Burns. Occupational Accidents. Consumer Product Safety Act. Prevention. Diabetes. 8. Suicide, Nephritis, Chronic Liver Disease, HIV/ AIDS. Nephritis. Chronic Liver Diseases. Suicide. Homicide. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. HIV/AIDS in the United States. Prevention. III. UNDERSTANDING THE COMMUNITY AND ITS PEOPLE. 9. Infants, Children and Adolescents. Children of the Planet. Infant Mortality. Low Birth Weight. Life Expectancy. Nutrition. Family Planning. Children, Adolescents and Young Adults. The CDC Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. Cardiovascular Diseases. Injury. Child Abuse. Adolescents. Teen Pregnancy. Contraception. Sexual Orientation. Sexual Abuse. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Alcohol-Other Drugs. Violence. Gangs. 10. Older Adults. Aging. Life Expectancy. The Demographics of Older Adults. Older People of Color. Aging. Long Term Health Care. Characteristics of Older Adults. Health Priorities of Older People. Causes of Premature Death. Falls. Suicide. Pneumonia. Alzheimer's Disease. Alcoholism. Elder Abuse. Studying Aging. Community Health Interventions. Ageism. 11. Ethnically Diverse People: People of Color, Immigrants and Migrant Farmers. Hispanic Americans. Mexican Americans. Cuban Americans. Puerto Ricans. Native Americans. African Americans. Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. Immigrants. Refugees. Migrant Farmworkers. Disparities in Minority Health Education. Cultural Sensitivity. 12. Diverse Peoples: Lesbians, Gay Men, and Differently Abled. Lesbians, Gay Men and Bisexual Communities. Lesbians and Gay Men. Substance Abuse. Health Services. Lesbian Issues. Breast Cancer. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. HIV/AIDS. Birthing. Gay Men's Issues. Substance Abuse. Communicable diseases. Fathering. Differently Abled People. Ableism. 13. Women's Issues. The World Looks at Women's Health. The Primary Health Care Issues of Women. Breast Cancer. Osteoporosis. Reproductive Cancer. Family Planning. Breast Implants. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. The Menstrual Cycle. Abortion. RU-486. Maternal Morbidity. Family Leave. IV. COMMUNITY HEALTH PRIORITIES AND ISSUES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY. 14. Communicable Diseases. Communicable Diseases in Contemporary Society. Respiratory Diseases. Alvine Discharge Diseases. Vector Borne Diseases. Open Lesion Diseases. Zoonoses. Nosocomial Diseases. Microorganisms That Cause Communicable Diseases. Emerging New Diseases. Preventing Communicable Diseases: Immunization. Immunity. Vaccinating for Immunity. 15. Occupational Health. Occupational Risks. Lung Disease. Musculoskeletal Injuries. Occupational Cancer. Occupational Trauma. Reproductive Disorders. Noise Related Health Problems. Skin Disorders. Psychological Disorders. The Cost of Occupational Diseases. Safety Legislation. Prevention. 16. Social Illness in the Community: Mental Health, Alcohol and Other Drugs, and Violence. History of Mental Health. Deinstitutionalization. Homelessness. Classification of Mental Disorders. The Impact of Mental Disorders. Stress. Suicide. Race and Mental Health. Gender as a Mental Health Determinant. Types of Mental Illness. Drugs and Alcohol. Minority Populations and Alcohol Facts. Women and Alcohol Use. Types of Drugs. Substance Abuse Prevention. Violence as a Community Health Illness. Interpersonal Violence. Homicide. Contributing Factors to Violence. Prevention. 17. Comprehensive School Health Programs. A Need for School Health. Historical Events Leading to Comprehensive School Health Programs. Comprehensive School Health Programs. Comprehensive School Health Education. Physical Education. Health Services. Nutrition Services. Counseling, Psychological and Social Services. Healthy School Environment. Health Promotion for School Staff. Implementing Comprehensive School Health Programs. Local Coalition Building. Barriers to Comprehensive School Health Programs. Moving Beyond Barriers to Healthier Schools. Evaluation of the Comprehensive School Health Program. V. THE COMMUNITY AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ISSUES. 18. The Air We Breathe. Air Pollution. Contributing Factors to Air Pollution. Emissions and Ozone Depletion. Smoke and Smog. Health Impairment In Humans. The Clean Air Act. The Six Criterion Pollutants. Indoor Air Pollution. 19. Water Safety. The Hydrosphere. Industry and Agriculture. Biological Magnification. Wetland Depletion. Water Pollution. Waterborne Disease Causing Agents. Oxygen Demanding Wastes. Inorganic Chemicals. Organic Chemicals. Groundwater. The Clean Water Act. Groundwater Treatment. Purification of Drinking Water. Sewage Water and Treatment. Septic Tanks. Swimming Pools. 20. Food Safety. Other Foodborne Disease Transmitting Agents. Chemical Contamination. Milk. Meat. Poultry. Shellfish. 21. The Throwaway Society. A History of Waste. Solid Waste. Solid Waste Disposal. Landfill Construction. On-Site Volume Reduction Alternatives. Incineration. Ecological Racism. Off-Site Alternatives to Landfills. Recycling. Infectious and Medical Waste. Other Hazardous Waste. Nuclear Waste. Superfund.
