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基本説明
YBP Library Services Bestselling Professional Titles, 4th quarter 2000. Places the process of technical change firmly within the context of modern growth theory.
Full Description
Technology, Growth and Development places the process of technical change firmly within the context of modern growth theory. It goes beyond conventional growth theory in its emphasis on both induced technical and institutional change. The rate and direction of technical change is viewed as induced by changes in relative resource endowments and by institutional innovations such as the modern research university and the industrial research laboratory. The economic and institutional sources of technical change are analysed for a series of general purpose technologies in five industries - the agricultural, electric power, chemical, computer, and biotechnology industries. A final section is devoted to issues of technology policy, including competitiveness, the environment, the U.S science and technology policy, and the transition to sustainable growth at the global level.
Contents
Part I: Productivity and Economic Growth
1: Is Economic Growth Sustainable?
Doomsters and Boomsters
The Dismal Scene
Limits to Growth
Productivity Growth
The Book Plan
References
Figures
Table
2: Catching Up and Falling Behind
The Convergence Controversy
Growth Economics
Accounting for Economic Growth
Falling Behind
Perspective
References
Boxes
Tables
Figures
Appendix 2
Technical Change and Productivity Growth: The Simple Analytics
Figures
Part II: The Sources of Technical Change
3: The Process of Invention and Innovation
The Process of Invention and Invention
Cumulative Synthesis: Three Cases
Linkages Between Science and Technology
The Research Institution
Learning by Doing and Using
Perspective
References
Box
Figures
4: Technical and Institutional Innovation
Sources of Technical Change
Sources of Institutional Innovation
A Pattern Model of Induced Innovation
References
Boxes
Tables
Figures
5: Technology Adaption, Diffusion, and Transfer
Convergence of Traditions
The Diffusion of Agricultural Technology
Diffusion of Industrial Technology
New Theory and New Method
The Product Cycle and International Trade
Endogenous Growth and Technology Transfer
The Costs of Technology Transfer
Resistance to Technology
Perspective
References
Table
Figures
Part III: Technical Innovation and Industrial Change
6: Technical Change and Agricultural Development
Models of Agricultural Development
Induced Technical Change in Agriculture
Scientific and Technical Constraints
Resource and Environmental Constraints
Agricultural Research Systems
Lessons From Experience
References
Box
Tables
Figures
7: Light, Power, and Energy
The Battle of the Systems
The Transformation of Industrial Energy Use
The Great Oil Shock
The Exhaustion of Scale
Institutional Innovation
What Happened to Alternative Policy?
Perspectives
References
Box
Tables
Figures
8: The Chemical Industry
Inventors, Inventions and Technical Change
Chemical Engineering and the Petrochemical Revolution
International Diffusion
Maturity
Perspective
References
Box
Tables
Figures
9: The Computer and Semi-conductor Industries
From Calcuators to Computers
IBM Sets the Mainframe Standard
The Transistor Resolution
Microcomputers and Minicomputers
The Software Industry
International Diffusion
Industrial Policy
Computers and Economic Growth
Computers and Society
References
Boxes
Figures
Tables
10: The Biotechnology Industries
From Biological Technology to Biotechnology
Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
The University-Industrial Complex
Institutional Innovation
Commercial Biotechnology
Market Structure
Industrial Policy and International Competition
Biotechnology and The Food Industries
Biotechnology in the Twenty-First Century
References
Boxes
Tables
Figures
Part IV: Technology Policy
11: Technical Change in Three Systems
American Systems of Technical Innovation
The Japanese System
German Systems of Technical Innovation
Systems of Technical Innovation
Technology, Trade, and Competitiveness
Perspective
References
Box
Tables
Figures
12: Technology, Resources, and Environment
Three Waves of Concern
Resource Economics
Environmental Economics
Ecological Economics
Environmental Impacts of Production
Environmental Impacts of Consumption
Emission Trading
Global Climate Change
Perspective
References
Boxes
Tables
Figurs
13: Science and Technology Policy
Principles of Science and Technology Policy
The Patent System
Military Procurement
Politics of Science and Technology Policy
Experience with Public Investment
Perspective
References
Boxes
Figures
Tables
14: The Transition to Sustainable Development
What Have We Learned?
The Sustainability Critique
Modeling the Future
Sustainability Transitions
Intellectual Changes
Perspective
References
Figure
