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Full Description
For introductory courses in Oceanography found in department of Geology or Oceanography. The 10th edition of this popular text continues to provide carefully developed content examining the vast body of oceanic knowledge. Its interdisciplinary approach-spanning geology, chemistry, physics, and biology-allows students to have a fundamental understanding of how oceans work.
Contents
(NOTE'Chapter in Review' section, 'Key Terms,' 'Questions and Exercises,' and an 'Oceanography on the Web' section.) Introduction. What Is Oceanography? Earth's Oceans. Rational Use of Technology? The Nature of Scientific Inquiry. 1. Planet Ocean: A Historical Perspective. Geography of the Oceans. Early Exploration of the Seas. The Beginnings of Ocean Science. Twentieth Century Oceanography and Beyond. A Human Presence in the Ocean. 2. Origins: Beginnings of the Universe, Earth, and Life. Origin of the Universe. Origin of the Solar System and Earth. Rocks and Minerals. Origin of the Atmosphere and the Oceans. Cycling and Mass Balance. Origin of Life. Radiometric Dating and the Geologic Time Scale. 3. Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor. Evidence for Continental Drift. Evidence for Plate Tectonics. Earth Structure. Plate Boundaries. Testing the Model: Some Applications of Plate Tectonics. Plate Tectonics...To Be Continued. 4. Marine Provinces. Bathymetry. The Hypsographic Curve. Provinces of the Ocean Floor. 5. Marine Sediments. Lithogenous Sediment. Biogenous Sediment. Hydrogenous Sediment. Cosmogenous Sediment. Mixtures. Distribution of Neritic and Pelagic Deposits: A Summary. 6. Water and Seawater. Atomic Structure. The Water Molecule. Water's Thermal Properties. Water Density. Seawater. Dissolved Components Added and Removed from Seawater. Dissolved Gases in Seawater. Acidity and Alkalinity of Seawater. Processes Affecting Seawater Salinity. Surface and Depth Salinity Variation. Seawater Density. Comparing Pure Water and Seawater. 7. Air-Sea Interaction. Uneven Solar Heating on Earth. The Coriolis Effect. Atmospheric Circulation Cells on a Spinning Earth. The Oceans, Weather, and Climate. Sea Ice. Icebergs. The Atmosphere's Greenhouse Effect. 8. Ocean Circulation. Measuring Ocean Currents. Surface Currents. Upwelling and Downwelling. Surface Currents of the Oceans. Deep Currents. 9. Waves and Water Dynamics. What Causes Waves? How Waves Move. Wave Characteristics. Wind-Generated Waves. Tsunami. 10. Tides. Generating Tides. Tides in the Ocean. 11. The Coast: Beaches and Shoreline Processes. The Coastal Region. Erosional- and Depositional-Type Shores. Emerging and Submerging Shorelines. Characteristics of U.S. Coasts. Hard Stabilization. 12. Coastal Waters and Marginal Seas. Coastal Water Circulation. Estuaries. Coastal Wetlands. Lagoons. Marginal Seas. 13. The Marine Habitat. Classification of Living Things. Classification of Marine Organisms. Distribution of Life in the Oceans. Adaptations of Organisms to the Marine Environment. Divisions of the Marine Environment. 14. Biological Productivity and Energy Transfer. Primary Productivity. Photosynthetic Marine Organisms. Regional Productivity. Energy Flow. Biogeochemical Cycling. Tropic Levels and Biomass Pyramids. 15. Animals of the Pelagic Environment. Staying above the Ocean Floor. Adaptations for Seeking Prey. Adaptations to Avoid Being Prey. Marine Mammals. 16. Animals of the Benthic Environment. Rocky Shores. Sediment-Covered Shores. Shallow Offshore Ocean Floor. The Deep-Ocean Floor. 17. Marine Resources. Laws and Regulations. Ecosystems and Fisheries. Mariculture. Energy Resources. Geologic Resources. Chemical Resources. 18. Marine Environmental Concerns. What Is Pollution? Main Types of Marine Pollution. Other Concerns. Current Laws Governing Marine Pollution. Afterward. Appendix I: Metric and English Units Compared. Appendix II: Geographic Locations. Appendix III: Latitude and Longitude on Earth. Appendix IV: A Chemical Background: Why Water Has 2 H's and 1 O. Appendix V: Careers in Oceanography. Appendix VI: Taxonomic Classification of Common Marine Organisms. Glossary. Index.
