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For undergraduate introductory courses in Philosophy.A proven classic, this collection of classic and contemporary readings stimulates students' interest in philosophy through an innovative and appropriate "sides of the argument" presentation, representing positions on each of the fundamental philosophical principles. Using debate and argument as a vehicle, the eleventh edition of Classic Philosophical Questions simultaneously teaches students the fundamentals of philosophy while demonstrating that philosophy is a discourse that has spanned centuries.
Contents
I. PLATO AND THE TRIAL OF SOCRATES. What is Philosophy? 1. EuthyphroDefining Philosophical Terms. 2. The Apology, Phaedo, and Crito: The Trial, Value of Philosophy? 3. Russell: The Value of Philosophy.III. PHILOSOPHICAL METHODOLOGIES. What Is the Best Approach to Philosophy? 4. Peirce: Four Approaches to Philosophy. 5. Feigl: The Scientific Approach.IV. KNOWLEDGE. What Is Knowledge? 6. Plato: Knowledge Is 'Warranted, True Belief.'How Do We Acquire Knowledge? 7. Descartes: Knowledge Is Not Ultimately Sense Knowledge. 8. Locke: Knowledge is Ultimately Sensed. 9. Kant: Knowledge Is Both Rational and Empirical.How Is Truth Established?10. Russell: Truth Is Established by Correspondence.11. Bradley: Truth Is Established by Coherence.12. James: Truth Is Established on Pragmatic Grounds.Can We Know the Nature of Causal Relations?13. Hume: Cause Means Regular Association.14. Hume: There Are No Possible Grounds for Induction.V. METAPHYSICS. Of What Does Reality Consist?15. Descartes: Reality Consists of Mind and Matter.16. Taylor: Reality Consists of Matter.17. Berkeley: Reality Consists of Ideas.18. Heidegger: The Nature of Being.Is Reality General or Particular?19. Plato: Universals Are Real.20. Hume: Particulars Are Real.Do Humans Have an Identical Self?21. Locke: Human Beings Have an Identical Self.22. Hume: Human Exists?23. St. Anselm: The Ontological Argument.24. St. Thomas Aquinas: The Cosmological Argument.25. Paley: The Teleological Argument.26. Pascal: It Is Better to Believe in God's Existence Than to Deny It.27. Kierkegaard: Faith, Not Logic, Is the Basis of Belief.Does the Idea of a Good God Exclude Evil?28. Hume: A Good God Would Exclude Evil.29. Hick: God Can Allow Some Evil.VII. ETHICS. Are Humans Free?30. Holbach: Humans Are Determined.31. James: Humans Are Free.Are Ethics Relative?32. Benedict: Ethics Are Relative.33. Stace: Ethics Are Not Relative.Are Humans Always Selfish?34. Humans Are Always Selfish: Glaucon's Challenge to Socrates.35. Rachels: Humans Are Not Always Selfish.Which Is Basic in Ethics: Happiness or Obligation?36. Aristotle: Happiness Is Living Virtuously.37. Bentham: Happiness Is Seeking the Greatest Pleasure for the Greatest Number of People.38. Kant: Duty Is Prior to Happiness.39. Nietzsche: Happiness Is Having Power.40. Sartre: Existentialist Ethics.41. Tong: Feminist Ethics Are Different.VIII. SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY. The Abortion Issue.42. English: Most Abortions Are Moral.The Pornography Issue.43. Ward: Should Pornography Be Censored?The Homosexuality Issue.44. Gould: Is Homosexuality Unnatural or Immoral?IX. POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY. What Is Freedom?45. Dostoevski: Freedom and Authority.46. Mill: Freedom Is Independence from the Majority's Tyranny.47. King: Freedom and Racial Prejudice.48. Light: Race and Public Policy.49. Nussbaum: Women, Justice, and Freedom.Which Government Is Best?50. Hobbes: Monarchy Is Best.51. Locke: Liberal Democracy Is Best.52. Marx: Communism and Nonalienated Labor Is Best.53. Dewey: Social Democracy Is Best.X. AESTHETICS. Are Artistic Judgments Subjective?54. Ducasse: Tastes Cannot Be Disputed.55. Beardsley: Tastes Can Be Disputed.What Is the Function of Art?56. Aristotle: Art Purges the Emotions.57. Collingwood: Magic or Amusement?XI. THE MEANING OF LIFE. What Gives Life Meaning?58. Tolstoy: Faith Provides Life's Meaning.59. Camus: Each Person Determines His or Her Life's Meaning.Glossary.
