Full Description
The stasis approach pioneered by Fahnestock and Secor distinguishes among four basic questions that arguments are written to answer:What is it? (Definition arguments)How did it get that way? (Causal arguments)Is it good or bad? (Evaluation arguments)What should we do about it? (Proposal arguments) These four questions, now standard in many argument texts, give students a constructive, engaging way to analyze arguments by other writers and to construct their own arguments.
Contents
Part Oneof Argument In the Media: "We Encourage You to Vote Today," The Indianapolis Star Expanding Your Definition of Argument Contexts for Argument The Rhetorical Situation 2: Building the Case: Logos In the Media: An Ad for Purina One Beef Jerky Strips The Materials of Argument Building the Logos Writing Your Argument: Building an Argument from Claim-Reason Pairs Building Arguments with Other Positions in Mind Writing Your Argument: Taking Account of Other Positions The Building Blocks of Arguments: Values and Facts Visual Rhetoric: Arguing with Images Robert Samuelson, "The Specter of Global Aging" (Article with photo) For You to Analyze:Advertisement for Kleenex Cold Care Tissues Barry R. McCaffrey, "Don't Legalize Those Drugs" 3 Establishing Credibility and Appealing to Emotion: Ethos and Pathos In the Media: "While the Children Sleep," A.M. Rosenthal Ethos Pathos Ethos and Pathos Combine in Identification Establishing Ethos in Writing Writing Your Argument: Establishing Your Ethos Evoking Pathos in Argument Writing Your Argument: Evoking Pathos Fallacies Visual Rhetoric: Emotion in Images Jack Ohman, "Twin Towers" (Political cartoon) For You to Analyze:Audrey Rock-Richardson, "Pay Your Own Way! (Then Thank Mom)" Leonard Pitts, "A Letter to the Terrorists" 4: Generating the Argument: Questions and Claims In the Media: "Drug Tests Backed for Broader Pool of Students," St. Louis Post-Dispatch Finding Issues to Argue Writing Your Argument: Using the Basic Questions to Organize Your Research Reading for Questions: Kathryn Tolbert, "Japan's Modern Women Living Single and Loving It" Josette Shiner, "Crucifix Can Reflect on Good Moral Character of School" Bonnie Erbe, "It Would Drive Away Students" 5 Expressing Appeals: Language and Voice In the Media: "Subsidizing Illegal Residents," Ward Connerly Choosing a Voice Other Ways of Creating and Appealing to Groups Visual Rhetoric: Visuals Involve the Viewer "I Want You for the U.S. Army" (Recruiting poster)Writing Your Argument: Finding an Effective Stance For You to Analyze:Shawntelle Santas, "The Face of Welfare" Patricia J. Williams, "Better Safe . . . ? Diary of a Mad Law Professor" Part Two: Types of Arguments 6: Definition: What Is It? In the Media: "Scientists Determine Chimpanzees Have 'Culture'" Definition: Arguing about the Nature of Things Constructing a Definition Argument Writing Your Own Definition ArgumentVisual Rhetoric: Neil Armstrong Walks on the Moon (photo) ComparisonContrast Assignment Readings: Jill Henkel, "Cheerleading: A Sport or an Activity?" Michael Kelley, "One Vet's Mission to Set the Record Straight" E. J. Dionne, "The Myth of the Fading Family" Richard Keller Simon, "Much Ado about Friends: What Pop Culture Offers Literatur 7: Causal Argument: How Did It Get That Way? In the Media: "Harness Fire? Mother Nature Begs to Differ" Causal Arguments: Determining Why or How Something Happened Constructing a Causal Argument Visual Rhetoric: Cause and Effect for the Eye "Crude Male Death Rate for Lung Cancer in 1950 and Per Capita Consumption of Cigarettes in 1930 in Various Countries" (Line graph) "20-year Lag Time Between Smoking and Lung Cancer" (Line graph) Writing Your Own Causal Argument Readings: Hinda Gonchor "Spandex Nation" David Pitt "Beer Taxes Reduce STD Rates" James Glanz and Eric Lipton, "Expert Report Disputes U.S. on Trade Center Collapse" Samuel Casey Carter "Successful Inner City Schools Share Common Traits" 8: Evaluation: Is It Good or Bad? In the Media: "Why Generation X Is Coming Home to Morality," Stacey Felzenberg Evaluation: Determining the Value of Something Constructing a Sound Evaluation Visual Rhetoric: The Eye of a Dying Whale (Photo) Writing Your Own Evaluation Readings: Nicholas D. Kristof, "Harvest the Whales" and Letters to the Editor in Response to "Harvest the Whales" Des Moines Register Editorial Board, "Leave the Flicks Alone" Jonathan V. Last, "The Best" David Ramsay Steele, "Yes, Gambling Is Productive and Rational" 9: Proposals: What Should We Do about It? In the Media: "Hollywood Simply Can No Longer Abdicate Its Responsibility to Kids" Proposals: Arguing for Action Constructing a Full Proposal Visual Rhetoric: Before and After: The Visual Proposal Advertisement for Allegra-D (Advertisement) Writing Your Own Proposal Readings: Michael Novak, "With Liberty and Prayer for All" Emily Lesk, "My 60-Second Protest from the Hallway" John Solomon, "Vote, or Else" Leon Botstein, "Let Teenagers Try Adulthood" Part Three: Researching Arguments 10: Finding Sources to Support Your Claim11: Using Sources to Support Your ClaimNER(01): WOW
