Full Description
This book describes the anatomy and biomechanics of each area of the spine, pelvis and TMJ, and the theories behind the subjective and objective exams. Working from this foundation, detailed explanations on the assessment and treatment of each of the various areas are given, enabling the student and clinician to differentially diagnoze, and integrate the results gleaned from the assessment, in order to formulate a working hypothesis. The sequential flow of the assessment is also detailed, with explanations as to its rationale, allowing a clinician of any proficiency level to use this book as a resource for an accurate biomechanical assessment, and the design of a specific treatment plan, based on those assessment findings. Recognizing the varying abilities between clinicians, most techniques are described with the patient sitting or lying in different positions. To help illustrate topics, case studies are included in a discussion format to highlight the evaluation and treatment techniques, as well as details about both the commonly encountered pathologies, and the more serious ones that can mimic a musculoskeletal dysfunction.
To make this even more suitable for classroom use, appropriate chapters conclude with review questions and throughout, the book the follows the "Guide to Physical Therapist Practice".
Contents
Part 1 Musculoskeletal tissue: structure and growth of bone; osteoporosis and osteomalacia; articular cartilage -composition, properties and function; synovial fluid; synovial membrane; joint lubrication; disease, damage and repair of articular cartilage; joint receptors; skeletal muscle; soft tissue injury and healing; stages of healing; case study and details about osteoarthritis; review questions. Part 2 Biomechanics: angular and accessory motion - the importance of differentiating between the two; concave/convex rule; capsular and non-capsular patterns; close and open packed positions; tissue loading; end feels; hypomobility, hypermobility and instability - definitions and findings; review questions. Part 3 The nervous system and the transmission of pain: classification of neurons; nerve impulses; transmission of nerve impulses; stretch receptors; the stretch reflex; role of the muscle spindle in voluntary activity; spinal pathways (ascending and descending tracts); pain - categorization, receptors, transmission, sources, distribution patterns and modulation; central nervous system signs and symptoms; dural sleeve lesions; nerve trunk or plexus lesions; peripheral nerve (small nerve) lesions; review questions. Part 4 The vertebral artery: distribution; insufficiency; examination; case studies; review questions. Part 5 Spinal nerves: spinal and peripheral nerves - courses, distributions and associated symptoms; brachial plexus; lumbosacral plexus; case study; review questions. Part 6 Posture analysis: posture; common postural syndromes; the significance of muscle imbalance and altered movement patterns; muscle function testing. Part 7 Gait analysis: historical perspective; gait analysis. Part 8 Differential diagnosis for the manual therapist: characteristics of musculoskeletal pain; characteristics of non-musculoskeletal pain; malingering; case study. Part 9 The subjective examination: purpose of subjective exam; past medical history (gender, age, medications, immobility, imaging studies); joint-specific questions; sample questionnaire; nature of symptoms; behaviour of symptoms; history of present condition; cardinal signs and symptoms. Part 10 The scan examinations: purpose of the scan; neurological tests of the scan; key muscle testing; sensory testing; deep tendon reflexes; pathological reflexes; dural mobility tests; non-organic back pain; malingering; sequence of scan; lumbar/SIJ scan; cervical scan; thoracic scan. Part 11 The biomechanical examination: purpose of biomechanical exam; developing a hypothesis; key findings; strength testing; illustrative case study; biomechanical screening tests; spinal locking techniques; physiology of spinal motion; review questions. Part 12 Physical agents: cold; heat; ultrasound; shock-wave; electrical stimulation; short-wave diathermy; microthermy; iontophoresis. Part 13 Manual treatments: treatment classifications; joint mobilizations; indications and contraindications of manual therapy; mobilization
