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Full Description
In such a large geographical area we find a great deal of diversity of experience and history. Life on the Pennines or the North York Moors has always been very different from life in low-lying agricultural districts such as Holderness or the Humberhead Levels. In many ways, the farmers of the Vale of York have had more in common with those the Midland Plain than with the miners, steel workers and textile workers of their own county. Until relatively recently people felt that they belonged to their own parish and to a wider neighbourhood which was bounded by the nearest market towns and which they called their 'country'. Relatively few people travelled to other parts of Yorkshire or had any contact with the 'strangers' who lived beyond their own district. Although the Elizabethan and Stuart gentry were conscious of belonging to Yorkshire, and outsiders made comments (usually adverse) on Yorkshiremen as a breed apart, ordinary folk did not have this sense of belonging to Yorkshire until quite late in its history.The success of the Yorkshire County Cricket Club from the 1890s onwards seems to have been the great stimulus that united Yorkshire people, and which gave them a sense of their superiority. The history of Yorkshire is more varied than that of any other English county. The changing fortunes of the many different regions of the county - from Pennine moors and valley towns to the flats of Holderness; from industrialised cities to quiet market towns - are a major theme in this important new book. Outsiders may recognise a Yorkshire accent, but local people can place a speaker much more precisely in a particular 'country'. It is this diversity of experience within the historic county of Yorkshire that David Hey seeks to capture in this important and fascinating new book.
Contents
Preface viii Introduction 1 1 Prehistory and the Roman Empire 7The Stone Age 7The Bronze Age 17The Iron Age 23Romans and Britons 32 2 Britons, Angles and Vikings 47The arrival of the Angles 48Vikings 62Before the Norman Conquest 68 3 The Normans 79Lordships and castles 81Monasteries 96Towns 108The countryside 123Parish churches 126 4 Growth and Disaster, 1200A-1400 131Castles and manor houses 132Monasteries and friaries 139Churches 147Towns 157The countryside 161Pestilence, war and famine 169The Black Death 171Village markets and communications 174Family names 176 5 The Late Middle Ages 180The Wars of the Roses 180Tower houses 184Government 186Churches 188The Dissolution of the Monasteries 199The Reformation 204Towns 205Rural industries 217The countryside 220Peasant houses 227 6 From Reformation to Civil War, 1550A-1660 234Religion and rebellion 234The great landowners 236Recovery and growth 237Towns 240The countryside 248Industry 257Houses 261The poor 274Schools 276Religion and politics 277 7 Towards an Industrial Society, 1660A-1780 280Growing numbers of people 280Towns 284Farming 295Houses 300Churches and chapels 312The poor 318Communications 320Industrial progress 326 8 The Spectacular Growth of Industry, 1780A-1850 335The rise of the West Riding 335The textile industry 337Textile towns 348The iron and steel industries 355Canals and railways 361Coal mining 366Rural Yorkshire 371The poor 380Beliefs and attitudes 381 9 Workshop of the World, 1850A-1914 385The Victorian population 385Railways 389The textile district 392The steel and iron districts 401Coal mining 406Rural Yorkshire 412Housing and public health 416Religion and education 421Leisure and shopping 424 10 The First World War to the Present 431The First World War 431The Depression years 432The countryside 436Town planning, housing and public health 439Leisure 444The Second World War 444Population changes 445The decline of manufacturing 448Regeneration 452Housing 458Rural Yorkshire 459 Select bibliography 462 Index 465 Acknowledgements 472
