Full Description
This easy-to-use reference explores the people and events that shaped Russian military history—and impacted Europe, Asia, and the world—over the past eight centuries.
Russian military history is an often-overlooked field. Yet Russia is and has long been an important player in global politics, and its military exploits have been central to its role on the world stage. This study of Russia's military past provides insights into European and U.S. history, including the conduct of the two World Wars and the Cold War, and will help readers better appreciate the current geopolitical situation.
This work covers major events and figures in Russian military history from the end of Mongol domination in the 14th century to the present day. More than 650 entries by scores of expert contributors detail events, individuals, organizations, and ideas that have influenced Russian warfare over 800 years. Two alphabetically arranged volumes explore such conflicts as the Russo-Polish Wars, the Great Northern War, the Russo-Turkish Wars, the Napoleonic Wars, the Crimean War, the Russo-Japanese War, World War I, World War II, and the Cold War, including the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Cross references and further readings in each entry serve as jumping-off points for further exploration.
Contents
Guide to Related Topics,
List of Maps,
Foreword by Bruce W. Menning,
Preface,
REFERENCE ENTRIES
Aa, Battle of the (January 7-9, 1917),
ABM (Anti-Ballistic Missile) Treaty,
Adrianople (Edirne), Treaty of (1829),
Afghanistan War (December 25, 1979-February 15, 1989),
Air Forces, Russia (to 1917, and since 1991),
Air Forces, Soviet (1917-1991),
Air Forces, Soviet (1917-1991), Women in,
AK-47,
Albion, Operation (October 8-18, 1917),
Aleksandr Nevsky (Frigate),
Alekseev, Evgeny I. (1843-1917),
Alekseev, Mikhail Vasilievich (1857-1918),
Aleksei Mikhailovich, Czar (1629-1676),
Alexander I, Czar (1777-1825),
Alexander II, Czar (1818-1881),
Alexander III, Czar (1845-1894),
Alexandra Fyodorovna, Czarina (1872-1918),
Allied Intervention in Russia (1918-1922),
Alma River, Battle of the (September 20, 1854),
Altvater (Alfater), Vasily Mikhailovich (1883-1919),
Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich (1914-1984),
Anglo-Russian Entente (August 31, 1907),
Anglo-Soviet Treaty (May 26, 1942),
Angolan Civil Wars (1975-1996),
Antonov, Aleksei Innokentievich (1896-1962),
Apraksin, Count Fyodor Matveevich (1661-1728),
Apraksin, Stepan F. (1702-1758),
Arakcheev, Alexis (1769-1834),
Arctic Convoys, World War II,
Armed Neutrality, League of (1801),
Army, Imperial Russian (ca. 1500-1918),
Army, Russian (1991-),
Army, Soviet (Red Army; 1918-1991),
Atomic Weapons Program, Soviet,
August Coup (1991),
Aurora (Protected Cruiser),
Austerlitz, Battle of (December 2, 1805),
Austrian State Treaty (May 15, 1955),
Babi Yar Massacre (September 29-30, 1941),
Bagramyan, Ivan Khristoforovich (1897-1982),
Bagration, Pyotr (1765-1812),
Balaclava, Battle of (October 25, 1854),
Balkan Wars (1912-1913),
Baltic Fleet Mutiny (March 1917),
Baltic Operations, Land, World War I,
Baltic Operations, Sea, World War I,
Baltic Rebellions (1991),
Barbarossa, Operation (June 22-December 5, 1941),
Barclay de Tolly, Prince Mikhail (1761-1818),
Basmachi Insurgency (1918-1933),
Batov, Pavel Ivanovich (1897-1985),
Bautzen, Battle of (May 20-21, 1813),
Belorussia Offensive (June 23-August 29, 1944),
Belov, Pavel Alekseevich (1897-1962),
Bennigsen, Leonty Levin (1745-1826),
Beria, Lavrenty Pavlovich (1899-1953),
Berlin, Battle for (April 16-May 2, 1945),
Berlin, Congress of (June 13-July 13, 1878),
Berlin Blockade and Airlift (1948-1949),
Berlin Rising (June 16-17, 1953),
Bestuzhev, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich (1797-1837),
Bestuzhev-Riumin, Count Aleksei Petrovich (1693-1766),
Birilev, Aleksei Alekseevich (1844-1915),
Black Hundreds,
Black Reichswehr,
Black Sea, Area of Operations, World War II,
Black Sea, Naval Operations, World War I,
Bloody Sunday,
Bluecher (Blyuker), Vasily Konstantinovich (1889-1938),
BMP-1 Series Infantry Fighting Vehicles,
Bochkareva, Maria (Mariya or Yasha; 1889-1920),
Bogolyubsky, Andrei (1111-1174),
Bolotnikov, Ivan Isaevich (?-1608),
Bonch-Bruevich, Mikhail Dmitrievich (1870-1956),
Borodino, Battle of (September 7, 1812),
Bosnian Annexation Crisis (1908),
Boxer Rebellion, Russia and (1899-1903),
Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (March 3, 1918),
Brezhnev, Leonid Ilyich (1906-1982),
Brezhnev Doctrine,
Brusilov, Aleksei Alekseevich (1853-1926),
Brusilov Offensive (June 4-September 1, 1916),
Budapest, Battle of (November 3, 1944-February 13, 1945),
Budenny, Semen Mikhailovich (1883-1973),
Bug Offensive (June 29-September 30, 1915),
Bukhara and Khiva, Conquest of,
Bulavin, Kondraty Afansievich (1660-1708),
Cairo Conference (November 23-26 and December 3-7, 1943),
Cape Sarych, Battle of (November 17, 1914),
Carpathian Campaign (January 23-March 1915),
Casualties, Russian, World War I (1914-1917),
Casualties, Russian Civil War (1918-1922),
Casualties, Soviet, World War II (1939-1945),
Catherine II ("the Great"; 1729-1796),
Caucasus Campaign (July 22, 1942-February 3, 1943),
Caucasus Front, World War I,
Chantilly Conference (1915),
Chechen War, First (1994-1996),
Chechen War, Second (War in the Northern Caucasus; October 1999-February 2000),
Cheka (Chrezvychaynayakomissiya),
Cherniaev, Mikhail Grigorevich (1828-1898),
Cherniakhovsky, Ivan Danilovich (1906-1945),
Chesme, Battle of (July 5-7, 1770),
Chichagov, Pavel Vasilievich (1767-1849),
Chinese Civil War (1911-1949),
Chkheidze, Nikolai Semenovich (1864-1926),
Chuikov, Vasily Ivanovich (1900-1982),
Churchill-Stalin Meeting (Code-Name Tolstoy; October 9-10, 1944),
Cold War, Soviet Union in (1924-1991),
Commissars, Military (1917-1991),
Constantinople Agreements, World War I,
Construction Battalions (Soviet),
Continuation War (Finnish-Soviet War; June 25, 1941-September 4, 1944),
Cossacks,
Crimea (Crimean Peninsula),
Crimea Campaign (April-May 1944),
Crimean War (1853-1856),
Cuban Missile Crisis (October 1962),
Curzon Line,
Czar Bomba ("King of Bombs"),
Czar Pushka,
Czar Tank,
Czech Legion (August 1914-December 1919),
Danilov, Yuri Nikiforovich (1866-1937),
Davydov, Denis Vasilievich (1784-1839),
Dawan Cheng, Battle of (1934),
Decembrist Movement and Rebellion (1825),
Declaration on Liberated Europe (February 1945),
Dedovshchina,
Deep Battle,
Denikin, Anton Ivanovich (1872-1947),
Deulino, Truce of (1618),
Diebitsch, Count Hans Friedrich Anton (Ivan Ivanovich Dibich Zabalkansky; 1785-1831),
Dimitriev, Radko Ruskov (1859-1918),
Dmitry, False (1582?-1606),
Dogger Bank Incident (October 21, 1904),
Dolgorukov, Prince Vasily Vladimirovich (ca. 1667-1746),
Dolgoruky, Yuri (1099?-1157),
Donskoi, Dmitry (October 12, 1350-May 19, 1389),
Dragomirov, Mikhail Ivanovich (1830-1905),
Dragunov Sniper Rifle,
Dresden, Battle of (August 26-27, 1813),
Dudayev, Dzhokhar M. (1944-1996),
Dukhonin, Nikolai Nikolaevich (1876-1917),
Eberhardt, Andrei Augustovich (1856-1919),
Elizabeth I, Czarina (1709-1761),
Erzincan, Battle of (July 25-26, 1916),
Erzurum Offensive (January 10-March 25, 1916),
Essen, Nikolai Ottovich von (1860-1915),
Evert, Aleksei Ermolaevich (1857-1918?),
Eylau, Battle of (February 8, 1807),
Faustschlag, Operation (February 18-March 3, 1917),
February (March) Revolution (1917),
Fedorenko, Yakov Nikolaevich (1896-1947),
Fermor, William (ca. 1702-1771),
Filaret (Philaret; Fyodor Nikitich Romanov; 1553?-1632),
Franco-Russian Alliance (1894),
Friedland, Battle of (June 14, 1807),
Frunze, Mikhail (1885-1925),
Frunze Academy,
Fuchs, Klaus Emil Julius (December 29, 1911-January 28, 1988),
Galicia, Battle of (1914),
Galicia Campaigns (1914-1917),
Gentry Cavalry,
Geok-Tepe, Battles of (1879, 1881),
Georgia, Anti-Bolshevik Uprising in (1924),
Georgia, Soviet Invasion of (1921),
Georgian Rebellion (1956),
Georgian War (2008),
German Colonies in Russia (1763-1993),
Germany, Allied Occupation after World War II (1945-1948),
Godunov, Boris (1552-1605),
Golikov, Filip Ivanovich (1900-1980),
Golitsyn (Galitzine), Prince Vasily Vasilievich (1643-1714),
Golitsyn, Dmitry Vladimirovich (1771-1844),
Golovin, Nikolai (1875-1944),
Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich (1931-),
Gorchakov, Prince Mikhail Dmitrievich (1793-1861),
Gordon, Patrick (1635-1699),
Goremykin, Ivan Logginovich (1839-1917),
Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive (May-December 1915),
Gorshkov, Sergei Georgievich (1910-1988),
Govorov, Leonid Aleksandrovich (1897-1955),
Grachev, Pavel (1948-2012),
Great (Large) Program (1910),
Great Game, The (Russia in Central Asia),
Great Northern War (1700-1721),
Great Purges and the Military (1934-1938),
Grechko, Andrei (1903-1976),
Greek Civil War (1946-1949),
Greek War of Independence (1821-1829),
Grigorovich, Ivan Konstantinovich (1853-1930),
Grizhodubova, Valentina (1910-1993),
Gross-Jaegersdorf, Battle of (August 30, 1757),
Grozny, Battle of (December 1994-January 1995),
Guchkov, Aleksandr Ivanovich (1862-1936),
Gulf of Riga, Battle of the,
Guliai-gorod (gulyaygorod, gulay-gorod, or gulai-gorod),
Gumbinnen, Battle of (August 20, 1914),
Gurko, Iosif Vladimirovich (1829-1901),
Gurko, Vasily Iosifovich (1864-1937),
Hero Cities of the Soviet Union,
Holocaust in the Soviet Union,
Holy Alliance (1815),
Holy League, Wars of the (1686-1696),
Home Front (Russian), World War I (1914-1917),
Home Front (Soviet Union), World War II (1941-1945),
Hungarian Rebellion (1956),
Ice, Battle on the (April 5, 1242),
Ili Rebellion (1944-1946),
Ilyushin, Sergei Vladimirovich (1894-1977),
Inkerman, Battle of (November 5, 1854),
Ivan I ("Kalita"; ca. 1288-1340),
Ivan III ("the Great"; 1440-1505),
Ivan IV ("the Terrible"; 1530-1584),
Ivanov, Nikolai Yudovich (1851-1919),
Jabotinsky, Vladimir Yevgenievich (Ze'ev Yina; 1880-1940),
Japan, Border Incidents with (1938-1939),
Japanese Intervention in Siberia (1918-1922),
Japanese-Soviet Neutrality Act (April 13, 1941),
Jewish Battalions (Jewish Legion),
Kagul (Cahul), Battle of, 1770,
Kalashnikov, Mikhail Timofeevich (1919-2013),
Kaledin, Aleksei Maksimovich (1861-1918),
Kalinin, Recapture of (December 15, 1941),
Kaliningrad (Koenigsberg),
Kalisz, Battle of (October 29, 1706),
Kaluga, Battle of (December 26-30, 1941),
Kanin, Vasily Aleksandrovich (1862-1927),
Kapustin Yar,
Kashgar, Battle of (1934),
Katyn Forest Massacre (1940),
Katyusha Multiple-Rocket Launcher,
Kaufman, Konstantin Petrovich von (1818-1882),
Kaulbars, Baron Aleksandr Vasilievich (1844-1929),
Kazakh Riots (1986),
Kazakov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich (1889-1919),
Kazan, Siege of (August-October 1552),
Kerensky, Alexander Fyodorovich (1881-1970),
Kerensky Offensive (July 1-19, 1917),
KGB (Komitet Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti, or Committee for State Security),
Khalkin Gol, Battle of (May-September 1939),
Khanaqin, Battle of (June 3, 1916),
Kharkov, Battle for (March 1-14, 1943),
Khmelnytsky, Bohdan (1595-1657),
Khmelnytsky Uprising and Aftermath (1648-1657),
Khozin, Mikhail Semenovich (1896-1979),
Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich (1894-1971),
Kiev Pocket, Battle of the (August 21-September 26, 1941),
Kinburn, Battle of (October 17, 1855),
Kolchak, Aleksandr Vasilievich (1874-1920),
Kolomenskoe, Battle of (December 2, 1606),
Komarów, Battle of (August 26-September 2, 1914),
Konev, Ivan Stepanovich (1897-1973),
Konotop, Battle of (June 29, 1659),
Konstantin Nikolaevich, Grand Duke (1827-1892),
Korean War (1950-1954),
Kornilov, Lavr Georgievich (1870-1918),
Kornilov Rebellion (1917),
Kornilov, Vladimir Alekseevich (1806-1854),
Korolev, Sergei Pavlovich (1906-1966),
Kovel Offensive (July 28-October 1916),
Kozhedub, Ivan Nikitovich (1920-1991),
Kozludzha (Kuludzha), Battle of (June 20, 1774),
Kravnik, Battle of (August 23-25, 1914),
Kremlin,
Krivoshein, Aleksander Vasilievich (1857-1921),
Kronstadt (Kronshtadt),
Kronstadt Rebellion (March 1921),
Krylenko, Nikolai Vasilievich (1885-1938),
Kuchuk-Kainardji, Treaty of (1774),
Kulikovo, Battle of (1380),
Kun, Béla (1886-1938),
Kunersdorf, Battle of (August 12, 1759),
Kurchatov, Igor (1903-1960),
Kurile Islands,
Kurland (Courland) Offensive (April 26-September 26, 1915),
Kuropatkin, Aleksei Nikolaevich (1848-1925),
Kursk (Submarine),
Kursk, Battle of (July 1943),
Kutuzov, Mikhail (1745-1813),
Kuznetsov, Nikolai Gerasimovich (1904-1974),
KV-1 Tank,
Lacy, Count Peter (1678-1751),
Lake Khasan, or Zhanggufeng (Chang-ku-feng), Battle of (July 29-August 11, 1938),
Lake Naroch (Narotch), Battle of (March-April 1916),
Lamsdorf, Count Vladimir Nikolaevich (1845-1907),
Larga, Battle of the (July 7, 1770),
Lebed, Aleksandr (1950-2002),
Leer, Genrikh Antonovich (1829-1904),
Lefort, Franz Jacob (1656-1699),
Leipzig, Battle of (October 16-19, 1813),
Lend-Lease (March 1941-August 1945),
Lenin, Vladimir (Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov) (1870-1924),
Leningrad, Siege of (July 10, 1941-January 27, 1944),
Lesnaya, Battle of (October 9, 1708),
Liaoyang, Battle of (August 25-September 3, 1904),
Litviak, Lidiia (Lilia or Liliia) Vladimirovna (1921-1943),
Litvinov, Aleksandr (1853-1932),
Litvinov, Maxim Maximovich (1876-1951),
Livonian War (1558-1583),
Lodz, Battle of (November 11-December 6, 1914),
Loris-Melikov, Count Mikhail Taryelovich (1826-1888),
Lutsk, Battle of (June 4-6, 1916),
Lutzen, Battle of (May 2, 1813),
Lvov, Prince Georgy Yevgenievich (1861-1925),
Makarov, Stepan Ossipovich (1848-1904),
Makarov Pistol,
Makhno, Nestor Ivanovich (1889-1935),
Maklakov, Nikolai Alekseevich (1871-1918),
Malinovsky, Rodion Yakovlevich (1898-1967),
Maloiaroslavets, Battle of (October 24, 1812),
Manchuria Campaign (August 9-September 5, 1945),
Mannerheim, Baron Carl Gustav Emil (1867-1951),
Manzikert, Battle of (July 10-26, 1915),
Mars, Operation (November-December 1942),
Masampo Incident (1900),
Maskhadov, Aslan (1951-2005),
Masurian Lakes, First Battle of (September 8-15, 1914),
Masurian Lakes, Second Battle of (February 7-22, 1915),
Mazepa, Ivan Stepanovich (ca. 1640-1709),
Menshikov, Prince Aleksandr Danilovich (1673-1729),
Menshikov, Prince Aleksandr Sergeevich (1787-1869),
Meretskov, Kirill Afanasievich (1897-1968),
MGB (Ministry for State Security; Ministervo Gosdarstvennoye Bezopasnosti; 1946-1953),
Mi-G (Mikoyan-Gurevich) Aircraft,
Mikhail Aleksandrovich, Grand Duke (1878-1918),
Miliukov, Pavel Nikolaevich (1859-1943),
Miliutin, Dmitry (1816-1912),
Minin, Kuzma (Late 1500s-1616),
Minsk, Battle for (June 27-July 9, 1941),
Mogilev, Action at (July 23, 1812),
Molodi, Battle of (July 26-August 3, 1572),
Molotov Cocktail,
Molotov-Ribbentrop (Nazi-Soviet) Pact (August 24, 1939),
Mongol Invasion of Russia,
Moonsund Operation (August 1915),
Moscow, Battle for (October 2, 1941-January 7, 1942),
Moscow Conference (October 19-30, 1943),
Muennich, Count Burkhard Christoph von (1683-1767),
Mukden, Battle of (February 23-March 10, 1905),
Nagorno-Karabakh,
Nakhimov, Pavel (1802-1855),
Nanshan, Battle of (May 1904),
Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815),
Narev Offensive (July 13-22, 1915),
Narva, Battle of (1581),
Narva, Battle of (1918),
Narva, Battle of the (February-March 1944),
Narva, Battle of the (November 20, 1700),
Navarino Bay, Battle of (October 20, 1827),
Navy, Imperial Russian (ca. 1700-1918),
Navy, Russian (1991-),
Navy, Soviet (1917-1991),
Nepenin, Adrian Ivanovich (1871-1917),
Neva River, Battle of the,
Nevsky, Alexander (1220-1263),
NicholasI, Czar (1796-1855),
Nicholas II, Czar (1868-1918),
Nikolai Nikolaevich, Grand Duke (1856-1929),
NKVD,
Norrköping Bay, Actions Off (June 1916),
Northern System,
Novgorod, Siege of (1169),
Novik (Cruiser),
Novikov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich (1900-1976),
Nuremberg Trial (and Others),
October (November) Revolution (1917),
Oktiabrsky, Filip Sergeevich (1899-1969),
Operational Art,
Oprichniki,
Order No. 1 (March 1, 1917),
Order No. 227 (June-July 1942),
Order No. 270 (June 1941),
Orlov, Count Aleksei Grigorievich (1737-1808),
Orlov, Count Fyodor Grigorievich (1741-1796),
Orlov, Count Grigory Grigorievich (1734-1783),
Orlov, Mikhail Fyodorovich (1788-1842),
Orlov, Nikolai Alekseevich (1827-1885),
Orlov, Prince Aleksei Fyodorovich (1787-1862),
Osoaviakhim, Operation,
Paléologue, George Maurice (1859-1944),
Paltzig, Battle of (July 23, 1759),
Panin, Nikita Ivanovich (1718-1783),
Panin, Peter Ivanovich (1721-1789),
Panjdeh Incident (1885),
Partisans (Partizans, Guerrillas), World War II,
Pashkevich, Ivan Fyodorovich (1782-1856),
Patriotic War of 1812,
Paul I (1754-1801),
Pavlov, Dmitry Grigorevich (1897-1941),
Periaslavl, Treaty of (1654),
Persian Front, World War I,
Peter, False (?-1607),
Peter I ("the Great"; 1672-1725),
Peter III, Czar (1728-1762),
Petlyakov, Vladimir Mikhailovich (1891-1942),
Petragge Raid (October 22, 1915),
Petrov, Ivan Yefimovich (1896-1958),
Philippopolis (Plovdiv), Battle of (January 15-17, 1878),
Pleve (Plehve), Pavel Adamovich (1850-1916),
Plevna, Siege of (July 20-December 10, 1877),
Poland, German Offensive in (September 28-December 16, 1914),
Poland, Invasion of (September 1-October 1, 1939),
Poland-East Prussia Campaign (July 1944-April 1945),
Polish Rebellion (1830-1831),
Polish Rising (1863),
Polish Succession, War of (1733-1735),
Polivanka, Peace of (June 4, 1634),
Polivanov, Aleksei Andreevich (1855-1920),
Poltava, Battle of (June 27, 1709),
Pomestie (Pomeste),
Popov, Markian Mikhailovich (1902-1969),
Port Arthur,
Port Arthur, Siege of (May 26, 1904-January 2, 1905),
Potemkin, Grigory Aleksandrovich (1739-1791),
Potemkin Mutiny (June-July 1905),
Potsdam Conference (July 17-August 2, 1945),
Pozharski, Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich (1578-1642),
Prague Spring (1968),
Protopopov, Aleksandr Dmitrievich (1866-1918),
Prut (Pruth), Battle of the (July 18-20, 1711),
Przemysl, Siege of (September 24, 1914-March 22, 1915),
Pugachev (Cossack) Rebellion (1773-1775),
Pugachev, Emelian (1742?-1775),
Putin, Vladimir V. (1952-),
Quadruple Alliance (November 20, 1815),
Radzievsky, Aleksei Ivanovich (1911-1978),
Raids in the Pamir Mountains, Soviet (1930s-1940s),
Raskova, Marina Mikhailovna (1912-1943),
Rasputin, Grigory Yefimovich (1864?-1916),
Razin, Stepan (ca. 1630-1671),
Red Guards,
Reinsurance Treaty (1887),
Rennenkampf, Pavel Karlovich (1854-1918),
Repnin, Prince Nikolai Vasilievich (1734-1801),
Revolution of 1905,
Revolutions of 1848,
Riga, Battle of (September 1-3, 1917),
Rize Landing (April 7, 1916),
Rodzianko, Mikhail Vladimirovich (1859-1924),
Rokossovsky, Konstantin Konstantinovich (1896-1968),
Romania Campaign (August-September 1944),
Romanian Campaign of 1916,
Romodanovsky, Grigory Grigorevich (mid-1630s-1682),
Rostov, Battle for (November 17-30, 1941),
Rote Kappelle (Red Orchestra; 1941-1942),
Rotmistrov, Pavel Alekseevich (1901-1982),
Rozhestvensky (Rozhdestvensky), Zinovy Petrovich (1848-1909),
Rumiantsev, Pyotr (1725-1796),
Russia and Arab-Israeli War (1956),
Russian Civil War (1917-1922),
Russo-Iranian War (1722-1723),
Russo-Iranian War (1804-1813),
Russo-Iranian War (1826-1828),
Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905),
Russo-Polish War (February 1919-March 1921),
Russo-Swedish War (1741-1743),
Russo-Swedish War (February 21, 1808-September 17, 1809),
Russo-Turkish War (1676-1681),
Russo-Turkish War (the Pruth Campaign, 1711),
Russo-Turkish War (1735-1739),
Russo-Turkish War (1768-1774),
Russo-Turkish War (1787-1791),
Russo-Turkish War (1806-1812),
Russo-Turkish War (1828-1829),
Russo-Turkish War (1853-1856),
Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878),
Ruzsky, Nikolai Vladimirovich (1854-1918),
Rymnik, Battle of (1789),
Sakharov, Andrei Dmitrievich (1921-1989),
SALT I (November 1969-May 1972),
SALT II (1972-1979),
Saltanovka, Battle of (July 23, 1812),
Samsonov, Aleksandr Vasilievich (1859-1914),
San Stefano, Treaty of (1878),
San-de-pu (Sandepu), Battle of (January 25-29, 1905),
Sarikamis (Sarikamish), Battle of (December 1914-January 1915),
Saturn, Operation,
Sazonov, Sergei Dmitrievich (1860-1927),
Schedule 19 (Plan 19),
Second Coalition, War of the (1798-1802),
Sevastopol,
Sevastopol, Siege of (October 1854-September 1855),
Seven Years' War (1754-1763),
Sha-ho, Battle of the (October 10-17, 1904),
Shaposhnikov, Boris Mikhailovich (1882-1945),
Shaposhnikov, Evgeny Ivanovich (1942-),
Shcherbachev, Dmitry Grigorevich (1857-1932),
Shein, Aleksei Semenovich (1662-1700),
Shein, Mikhail Borisovich (?-1634),
Sheremetev, Boris Petrovich (1652-1719),
Shevardnadze, Eduard (1928-2014),
Shtemenko, Sergei Matveevich (1907-1976),
Shuisky, Prince Vasily (Czar Vasily IV; 1552-1612),
Shumikov, Mikhail Stepanovich (1895-1975),
Shuvaev, Dmitry Savelevich (1854-1937),
Sikorsky, Igor Ivanovich (1889-1972),
Sikorsky Ilya Muromets Heavy Bomber,
Sinop, Battle of (November 30, 1853),
Sino-Soviet Border Conflict (1969),
Six-Day War (June 5-10, 1967),
Skobelev, Mikhail (1843-1882),
Skopin-Shuisky, Prince Mikhail (ca. 1587-1610),
Skoropadsky, Pavlo Petrovich (1873-1945),
Slava (Russian Battleship),
Slobodzea, Battle of (October 14, 1811),
SMERSH,
Smolensk, Battle of (August 16-18, 1812),
Smolensk War (1632-1634),
Sokolov, Sergei Leonidovich (1911-2012),
Sokolovsky, Vasily Danilovich (1897-1968),
Sorge, Richard (1895-1944),
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939),
Stalin, Josef V. (1878-1953),
Stalingrad, Battle of (August 1942-February 1943),
Stallupönen, Battle of (August 17, 1914),
State Defense Council,
Stavka,
Stoessel (Stessel), Baron Anatoli Mikhailovich (1848-1915),
Stolbova, Treaty of (1617),
Stolypin, Pyotr Arkadievich (1861-1911),
Strategic Rocket Forces, Soviet,
Streltsy,
Streltsy Rising (May-August 1682),
Strypa River, First Battle of the (December 1915-January 1916),
Strypa River, Second Battle of the (June 11-30, 1916),
Stürmer, Boris Vladimirovich (1848-1917),
Sudeten Crisis (1938),
Suez Crisis (1956),
Sukhomlinov, Vladimir Aleksandrovich (1848-1926),
Suvarov, Aleksandr Vasilievich (1729-1800),
Sykes-Picot Agreement (May 16, 1916),
T-26 Tank,
T-34 Tank,
Table of Ranks (1722),
Tajikistan Civil War (1992-1997),
Tambov Rebellion (1920-1922),
Tanks, Soviet, World War II (1939-1945),
Tannenberg, Battle of (August 26-31, 1914),
Tatars (Mongols),
Tbilisi Riots (1989),
Tehran Conference (November 28-December 1, 1943),
Telissu (Vafangkou, Wafangkou), Battle of (June 14-15, 1904),
Third Coalition, War of the (1805),
Thirteen Years' War (Russo-Polish War, First Northern War, War for Ukraine; 1654-1667),
Tilsit, Treaty of,
Time of Troubles,
Timoshenko, Semyon Konstantinovich (1895-1970),
Todorov, Georgi (1858-1934),
Tokarev, Fyodor Vasilievich (1871-1968),
Tolbukin, Fyodor I. (1894-1949),
Totleben, Eduard (1818-1884),
Transdniestria,
Trans-Siberian Railway,
Triandafillov, Vladimir Kiriakovich (1894-1931),
Trotsky, Leon (1879-1940),
Trumpeldor, Joseph (1880-1920),
Tsushima, Battle of (May 27, 1905),
Tu-4 (Tupelov) Strategic Bomber,
Tukhachevsky, Mikhail Nikolaevich (1893-1937),
Tula, Siege of (June-October 1607),
Tupolev, Andrei Nikolaevich (1888-1972),
Ukraine Campaign (November 1943-July 1944),
Ushakov, Fyodor Fyodorovich (1744-1817),
Ussuri River Conflict (1969),
Ustinov, Dmitry Fyodorovich (1908-1984),
Vannikov, Boris Lvovich (1897-1962),
Variag (Varyag; Cruiser),
Vasilevsky, Aleksandr Mikhailovich (1895-1977),
Vatutin, Nikolai Fyodorovich (1901-1944),
Vienna, Congress of (September 1814-1815),
Vietnam War(s), Soviet Union and (1945-1975),
Vistula River (Warsaw), Battle of the (September 29-October 31, 1914),
Vitgeft, Villem (Vilgelm) Karlovich (1847-1904),
Vladivostok,
Vlasov, Andrei Andreevich (1901-1946),
Vlasov Army,
Voronov, Nikolai Nikolaevich (1899-1968),
Vorontsov, Mikhail S. (1782-1856),
Voroshilov, Kliment Y. (1881-1963),
Vorotinsky, Prince Mikhail Ivanovich (1516?-1573),
Vozha River, Battle of the (August 11, 1378),
Vyazmitinov, Sergei Kuzmich (1744-1819),
Vyborg,
War Communism,
War Crimes, Soviet, World War II,
Warsaw, Battle for (August 16-25, 1920),
Warsaw Pact (Warsaw Treaty Organization; WTO),
Warsaw Uprising (August 1-October 2, 1944),
White Armies in the Russian Civil War (1917-1922),
Winter War (November 30, 1939-March 12, 1940),
Witte, Sergei Yulevich (1849-1915),
Wittgenstein, Ludwig Adolph Peter (1769-1843),
Women's Battalions of Death (1917),
World War I, Russia in (1914-1917),
World War II, Soviet Union in (1939-1945),
Wrangel, Ferdinand Friedrich Georg Ludwig von (1797-1870),
Wrangel, Pyotr Nikolaevich (1878-1928),
Xianjiang, Battle of (1937),
Yalta Conference (February 4-11, 1945),
Yanushkevich, Nikolai Nikolaevich (1868-1918),
Yazov, Dmitry (November 8, 1924-),
Yegerov, Aleksandr Ilyich (1883-1939),
Yeltsin, Boris Nikolaevich (1931-2007),
Yeremenko, Andrei Ivanovich (1892-1970),
Yermelov (Ermolov), Aleksei Petrovich (1772-1861),
Yom Kippur War (October 6-25, 1973),
Yudenich, Nikolai (1862-1933),
Zaionchkovsky, Andrei Medarovich (1862-1926),
Zaitsev, Vasily (1915-1991),
Zasulich, Mikhail Ivanovich (1843-1910),
Zhilinsky, Yakov Grigorevich (1853-1918),
Zhukov, Georgy Konstantinovich (1917-1974),
Zorndorf, Battle of (August 25, 1758),
Chronology,
Bibliography,
Editor and Contributors,
Index,
About the Editor,
