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Full Description
Nineteenth-Century Science is a science anthology which provides over 30 selections from original 19th-century scientific monographs, textbooks and articles written by such authors as Charles Darwin, Mary Somerville, J.W. Goethe, John Dalton, Charles Lyell and Hermann von Helmholtz. The volume surveys scientific discovery and thought from Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's theory of evolution of 1809 to the isolation of radium by Marie and Pierre Curie in 1898. Each selection opens with a biographical introduction, situating each scientist and discovery within the context of history and culture of the period. Each entry is also followed by a list of further suggested reading on the topic. A broad range of technical and popular material has been included, from Mendeleev's detailed description of the periodic table to Faraday's highly accessible lecture for young people on chemistry of a burning candle.
The anthology will be of interest to the general reader who would like to explore in detail the scientific, cultural, and intellectual development of the nineteenth-century, as well as to students and teachers who specialize in the science, literature, history, or sociology of the period. The book provides examples from all the disciplines of western science-chemistry, physics, medicine, astronomy, biology, evolutionary theory, etc. The majority of the entries consist of complete, unabridged journal articles or book chapters from original 19th-century scientific texts.
Contents
List of illustrations
Acknowledgements
Introduction
BENJAMIN BANNEKER
Benjamin Banneker's Pennsylvania Almanack, 1783
Banneker's New-Jersey Almanac, 1795
XAVIER BICHAT
Physiological Researches on Life and Death
WILLIAM PALEY
Natural Theology
ERASMUS DARWIN
The Temple of Nature
JOHN DALTON
A New System of Chemical Philosophy
JEAN-BAPTISTE LAMARCK
Zoological Philosophy
JOHANN WOLFGANG GOETHE
Theory of Colours
ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT
The Island of Cuba
CHARLES BABBAGE
Reflections on the Decline of Science in England
CHARLES LYELL
Principles of Geology
MARY FAIRFAX SOMERVILLE
On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences
THEODOR SCHWANN
Microscopical Researches
NIKOLAI IVANOVICH LOBACHEVSKY
Geometrical Researches on the Theory of Parallels
ROBERT CHAMBERS
Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation
GEORGE COMBE
The Constitution of Man
WILLIAM WHEWELL
The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences
HERBERT SPENCER
Social Statics
AUGUSTE COMTE
The Positive Philosophy
CHARLES ROBERT DARWIN
Origin of Species
Descent of Man
LOUIS PASTEUR
"Infusorian Animalcules Living Without Free Oxygen"
"Experiments Related to Spontaneous Generation"
MICHAEL FARADAY
Chemical History of a Candle
FRIEDRICH MAX MÜLLER
The Science of Language
HERMANN VON HELMHOLTZ
"On the Conservation of Force"
JAMES CLERK MAXWELL
"A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field"
CLAUDE BERNARD
Introduction à I'étude de la médecine expérimentale
JOSEPH LISTER
"On the Antiseptic Principle in the Practice of Surgery"
SIR FRANCIS GALTON
Hereditary Genius
JOHN TYNDALL
The Belfast Address
WILLIAM THOMSON, LORD KELVIN
"Review of Evidence Regarding the Physical Condition of the Earth"
DMITRII IVANOVICH MENDELEEV
"The Periodic Law of the Chemical Elements"
WILLIAM JAMES
The Principles of Psychology
THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY
Evolution and Ethics
WILHELM CONRAD RÖNTGEN
"On a New Kind of Rays"
MARIE SKLODOWSKA CURIE
"The Discovery of Radium"
GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER
Feeding Acorns
ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE
"On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely from the Original Type"
The Wonderful Century
Index of Names
Index of Topics
