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Full Description
Most of the advancements in communication, computers, medicine, and air and water purity are linked to macromolecules and a fundamental understanding of the principles that govern their behavior. These fundamentals are explored in Carraher's Polymer Chemistry, Ninth Edition. Continuing the tradition of previous volumes, the latest edition provides a well-rounded presentation of the principles and applications of polymers. With an emphasis on the environment and green chemistry and materials, this edition offers detailed coverage of natural and synthetic giant molecules, inorganic and organic polymers, biomacromolecules, elastomers, adhesives, coatings, fibers, plastics, blends, caulks, composites, and ceramics.Using simple fundamentals, this book demonstrates how the basic principles of one polymer group can be applied to all of the other groups. It covers reactivities, synthesis and polymerization reactions, techniques for characterization and analysis, energy absorption and thermal conductivity, physical and optical properties, and practical applications. This edition includes updated techniques, new sections on a number of copolymers, expanded emphasis on nanotechnology and nanomaterials, and increased coverage of topics including carbon nanotubes, tapes and glues, photochemistry, and more.With topics presented so students can understand polymer science even if certain parts of the text are skipped, this book is suitable as an undergraduate as well as an introductory graduate-level text. The author begins most chapters with theory followed by application, and generally addresses the most critical topics first. He provides all of the elements of an introductory text, covering synthesis, properties, applications, and characterization. This user-friendly book also contains definitions, learning objectives, questions, and additional reading in each chapter.
Contents
Introduction to Polymers History of PolymersWhy Polymers?Today's MarketplaceEnvironmental AssessmentPolymer Structure (Morphology) Stereochemistry of PolymersMolecular InteractionsPolymer CrystalsAmorphous Bulk StatePolymer Structure-Property RelationshipsCross-LinkingCrystalline and Amorphous CombinationsMolecular Weight of Polymers IntroductionSolubilityAverage Molecular Weight ValuesFractionation of Polydisperse SystemsChromatographyColligative Molecular WeightsLight-Scattering PhotometryOther TechniquesViscometryPolycondensation Polymers (Step-Reaction Polymerization) Comparison between Polymer Type and Kinetics of PolymerizationIntroductionStepwise KineticsPolycondensation MechanismsPolyestersPolycarbonatesSynthetic PolyamidesPolyimidesPolyamide-ImidePolybenzimidazoles and Related PolymersPolyurethanes and PolyureasPolysulfidesPolyethers and EpoxiesPolysulfonesPoly(Ether Ether Ketone) and PolyketonesPhenolic and Amino PlasticsFuran ResinsSynthetic RoutesLiquid CrystalsMicrofibersGeneral Stepwise PolymerizationIonic Chain-Reaction and Complex Coordination Polymerization (Addition Polymerization) Cationic PolymerizationAnionic PolymerizationStereoregularityPolymerization with Complex Coordination CatalystsSoluble Stereoregulating CatalysisPolyethylenesPolypropylenePolymers from 1,4-DienesPolyisobutyleneMetathesis ReactionsZwitterionic PolymerizationIsomerization PolymerizationPrecipitation PolymerizationFree-Radical Chain Polymerization (Addition Polymerization) Initiators for Free-Radical Chain PolymerizationMechanism for Free-Radical Chain PolymerizationChain TransferPolymerization TechniquesFluorine-Containing PolymersPolystyrenePoly(Vinyl Chloride)Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) and Poly(Vinyl Acetals)PolyacrylonitrileSolid-State Irradiation PolymerizationPlasma PolymerizationsCopolymerization Kinetics of CopolymerizationQ-e SchemeCommercial CopolymersBlock CopolymersGraft CopolymersElastomersThermoplastic ElastomersBlendsFluoroelastomersNitrile RubberAcrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene TerpolymersEPDM RubberNetworks: GeneralPolymer MixturesDendritesIonomersViscosity ModifiersComposites and Fillers FillersTypes of CompositesLong-Fiber Composites: TheoryFibers and ResinsLong-Fiber Composites: ApplicationsNanocompositesFabricationMetal-Matrix CompositesNaturally Occurring Polymers: Plants PolysaccharidesCellulosePaperCellulose-Regenerating ProcessesEsters and Ethers of CelluloseStarchHomopolysaccharidesHeteropolysaccharidesSynthetic RubbersNaturally Occurring PolyisoprenesResinsBalloonsLigninMelaninsAsphaltNaturally Occurring Polymers: Animals ProteinsLevels of Protein StructureNucleic AcidsFlow of Biological InformationRNA InterferencePolymer StructureProtein FoldingGenetic EngineeringDNA ProfilingHuman Genome: GeneralChromosomesSpliceosomesProteomicsProtein Site Activity IdentificationOrganometallic and Inorganic-Organic Polymers IntroductionInorganic Reaction MechanismsCondensation Organometallic PolymersCoordination PolymersAddition PolymersIon-Exchange ResinsInorganic Polymers IntroductionPortland CementOther CementsSilicatesSilicon Dioxide (Amorphous)Kinds of Amorphous GlassSafety GlassLensesSolgelAerogelsSilicon Dioxide (Crystalline Forms): Quartz FormsSilicon Dioxide in Electronic ChipsSilicon Dioxide in Optical FibersAsbestosFly Ash and AluminosilicatesPolymeric Carbon: DiamondPolymeric Carbon: GraphiteInternal Cyclization: Carbon Fibers and Related MaterialsCarbon NanotubesBitumensCarbon BlackPolysulfurCeramicsHigh-Temperature SuperconductorsZeolitesTesting and Spectrometric Characterization of Polymers Spectronic Characterization of PolymersSurface CharacterizationAmorphous Region DeterminationsMass SpectrometryThermal AnalysisThermal Property TestsFlammabilityElectric Properties: TheoryElectric MeasurementsOptical Property TestsWeatherabilityChemical ResistanceMeasurement of Particle SizeMeasurement of AdhesionPermeability and DiffusionRheology and Physical Tests RheologyTypical Stress-Strain BehaviorStress-Strain RelationshipsSpecific Physical TestsAdditives PlasticizersAntioxidantsHeat StabilizersUltraviolet StabilizersFlame RetardantsColorantsCuring AgentsAntistatic Agents: AntistatsChemical Blowing AgentsCompatibilizersImpact ModifiersProcessing AidsLubricantsMicroorganism InhibitorsReactions on Polymers Reactions with Polyolefins and PolyenesReactions of Aromatic and Aliphatic Pendant GroupsDegradationCross-LinkingReactivities of End GroupsSupramolecules and Self-AssemblyTransfer and Retention of OxygenNature's Macromolecular CatalystsPhotosynthesisMechanisms of Physical Energy AbsorptionBreakage of Polymeric MaterialsSynthesis of Reactants and Intermediates for Polymers Monomer Synthesis from Basic FeedstocksReactants for Step-Reaction PolymerizationSynthesis of Vinyl MonomersSynthesis of Free-Radical InitiatorsPolymer Technology FibersElastomersFilms and SheetsPolymeric FoamsReinforced Plastics (Composites) and LaminatesMoldingCastingExtrusionCoatingsAdhesivesSelected Topics Conductive Polymeric MaterialsNonlinear Optical BehaviorPhotophysics and Photochemistry: BasicsDrug Design and ActivitySynthetic Biomedical PolymersSuturesGeotextilesSmart MaterialsHigh-Performance ThermoplasticsConstruction and BuildingFlame-Resistant TextilesWater-Soluble PolymersAnaerobic AdhesivesHydrogelsEmerging PolymersGreen MaterialsNew Materials: Additional AspectsSolutions Appendix A: Symbols Appendix B: Trade Names Appendix C: SyllabusAppendix D: Polymer Core Course Committees Appendix E: Structures of Common Polymers Appendix F: Mathematical Values and Units Appendix G: Comments on HealthAppendix H: ISO 9000 and 14000Appendix I: Electronic Education Websites Index
