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基本説明
This is a history of Catholic political thinking from the French Revolution to the present day.
Full Description
Catholicism and Democracy is a history of Catholic political thinking from the French Revolution to the present day. Emile Perreau-Saussine investigates the church's response to liberal democracy, a political system for which the church was utterly unprepared. Looking at leading philosophers and political theologians--among them Joseph de Maistre, Alexis de Tocqueville, and Charles Peguy--Perreau-Saussine shows how the church redefined its relationship to the State in the long wake of the French Revolution. Disenfranchised by the fall of the monarchy, the church in France at first embraced that most conservative of ideologies, "ultramontanism" (an emphasis on the central role of the papacy). Catholics whose church had lost its national status henceforth looked to the papacy for spiritual authority. Perreau-Saussine argues that this move paradoxically combined a fundamental repudiation of the liberal political order with an implicit acknowledgment of one of its core principles, the autonomy of the church from the state.
However, as Perreau-Saussine shows, in the context of twentieth-century totalitarianism, the Catholic Church retrieved elements of its Gallican heritage and came to embrace another liberal (and Gallican) principle, the autonomy of the state from the church, for the sake of its corollary, freedom of religion. Perreau-Saussine concludes that Catholics came to terms with liberal democracy, though not without abiding concerns about the potential of that system to compromise freedom of religion in the pursuit of other goals.
Contents
Foreword by Alasdair MacIntyre vii Introduction 1 Part I. A New Role for the Papacy: The Origins of Vatican I 5 Chapter 1. From Bossuet to Maistre: The Deconfessionalization of the State as a Political Problem 7 The Civil Constitution of the Clergy 7 The Autonomy of the Temporal Power in Relation to the Church 15 The Alliance of Church and State as a Matrix of Intolerance 22 The Inadequacy of Spiritual Constraints and the Need for Temporal Constraints 26 The French Revolution through the Lens of Political Theology 30 Chapter 2. The Collapse of Reactionary Ultramontanism 37 Napoleon's Miscalculations 37 Felicite de Lamennais on the Atheism of the Law 46 Against Political Theology 51 A Papacy Refocused on Its Spiritual Role 58 Alexis de Tocqueville and the Preservation of Gallicanism 69 Part II. A New Role for the Laity: The Origins of Vatican II 81 Chapter 3. Intolerant Secularism and Liberal Secularism 83 Auguste Comte: From Papal Infallibility to the Infallibility of Science 84 Laicism as Statism 88 Two Kinds of Laicity 95 Emile Littre's "Catholicism of Universal Suffrage" 99 Charles Peguy: The Eternal Dwelling in the Temporal 103 Chapter 4. The Political Virtues of Moderation 109 Neither Maurras nor Marx 109 The Political Role of the Laity 117 Freedom of Religion as the Cornerstone of Catholic Political Thought 127 A Degree of Disenchantment since Vatican II 132 A Positive Idea of Laicity 141 Conclusion 147 Notes 153 Index 179
