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Full Description
"Based on my own experience, I can safely say that every .NET developer who reads this will have at least one `aha' moment and will be a better developer for it."-From the Foreword by Don Box The popular C# programming language combines the high productivity of rapid application development languages with the raw power of C and C++. Updated to cover the new features of C# 4.0, including dynamic binding, named and optional parameters, and covariant and contravariant generic types, this release takes the language to the next level by adding the ability to cleanly write programs that don't rely on static type definitions. This allows dynamic programming languages such as Python, Ruby, and JavaScript to feel native to C#. The C# Programming Language, Fourth Edition, continues to be the authoritative and annotated technical reference for C# 4.0.Written by Anders Hejlsberg, the language's architect, and his colleagues, Mads Torgersen, Scott Wiltamuth, and Peter Golde, this volume has been completely updated for C# 4.0. The book provides the complete specification of the language, along with descriptions, reference materials, code samples, and annotations from twelve prominent C# gurus.The many annotations bring a depth and breadth of understanding rarely found in any programming book. As the main text of the book introduces the concepts of the C# language, cogent annotations explain why they are important, how they are used, how they relate to other languages, and even how they evolved.This book is the definitive, must-have reference for any developer who wants to understand C#. With annotations from: Brad Abrams, Joseph Albahari, Krzysztof Cwalina, Jesse Liberty, Eric Lippert, Christian Nagel, Vladimir Reshetnikov, Marek Safar, Chris Sells, Peter Sestoft, Jon Skeet, and Bill Wagner.
Contents
Foreword xiPreface xiiiAbout the Authors xvAbout the Annotators xviiChapter 1: Introduction 11.1 Hello, World 31.2 Program Structure 41.3 Types and Variables 61.4 Expressions 131.5 Statements 161.6 Classes and Objects 211.7 Structs 501.8 Arrays 531.9 Interfaces 561.10 Enums 581.11 Delegates 601.12 Attributes 61Chapter 2: Lexical Structure 652.1 Programs 652.2 Grammars 652.3 Lexical Analysis 672.4 Tokens 712.5 Preprocessing Directives 85Chapter 3: Basic Concepts 993.1 Application Start-up 993.2 Application Termination 1003.3 Declarations 1013.4 Members 1053.5 Member Access 1073.6 Signatures and Overloading 1173.7 Scopes 1203.8 Namespace and Type Names 1273.9 Automatic Memory Management 1323.10 Execution Order 137Chapter 4: Types 1394.1 Value Types 1404.2 Reference Types 1524.3 Boxing and Unboxing 1554.4 Constructed Types 1604.5 Type Parameters 1644.6 Expression Tree Types 1654.7 The dynamic Type 166Chapter 5: Variables 1695.1 Variable Categories 1695.2 Default Values 1755.3 Definite Assignment 1765.4 Variable References 1925.5 Atomicity of Variable References 193Chapter 6: Conversions 1956.1 Implicit Conversions 1966.2 Explicit Conversions 2046.3 Standard Conversions 2136.4 User-Defined Conversions 2146.5 Anonymous Function Conversions 2196.6 Method Group Conversions 226Chapter 7: Expressions 2317.1 Expression Classifications 2317.2 Static and Dynamic Binding 2347.3 Operators 2387.4 Member Lookup 2477.5 Function Members 2507.6 Primary Expressions 2787.7 Unary Operators 3267.8 Arithmetic Operators 3317.9 Shift Operators 3437.10 Relational and Type-Testing Operators 3447.11 Logical Operators 3557.12 Conditional Logical Operators 3587.13 The Null Coalescing Operator 3607.14 Conditional Operator 3617.15 Anonymous Function Expressions 3647.16 Query Expressions 3737.17 Assignment Operators 3897.18 Expression 3957.19 Constant Expressions 3957.20 Boolean Expressions 397Chapter 8: Statements 3998.1 End Points and Reachability 4008.2 Blocks 4028.3 The Empty Statement 4048.4 Labeled Statements 4068.5 Declaration Statements 4078.6 Expression Statements 4128.7 Selection Statements 4138.8 Iteration Statements 4208.9 Jump Statements 4298.10 The try Statement 4388.11 The checked and unchecked Statements 4438.12 The lock Statement 4438.13 The using Statement 4458.14 The yield Statement 449Chapter 9: Namespaces 4539.1 Compilation Units 4539.2 Namespace Declarations 4549.3 Extern Aliases 4569.4 Using Directives 4579.5 Namespace Members 4639.6 Type Declarations 4649.7 Namespace Alias Qualifiers 464Chapter 10: Classes 46710.1 Class Declarations 46710.2 Partial Types 48110.3 Class Members 49010.4 Constants 50610.5 Fields 50910.6 Methods 52010.7 Properties 54510.8 Events 55910.9 Indexers 56610.10 Operators 57110.11 Instance Constructors 57910.12 Static Constructors 58610.13 Destructors 58910.14 Iterators 592Chapter 11: Structs 60711.1 Struct Declarations 60811.2 Struct Members 60911.3 Class and Struct Differences 61011.4 Struct Examples 619Chapter 12: Arrays 62512.1 Array Types 62512.2 Array Creation 62812.3 Array Element Access 62812.4 Array Members 62812.5 Array Covariance 62912.6 Array Initializers 630Chapter 13: Interfaces 63313.1 Interface Declarations 63313.2 Interface Members 63913.3 Fully Qualified Interface Member Names 64513.4 Interface Implementations 645Chapter 14: Enums 66314.1 Enum Declarations 66314.2 Enum Modifiers 66414.3 Enum Members 66514.4 The System.Enum Type 66814.5 Enum Values and Operations 668Chapter 15: Delegates 67115.1 Delegate Declarations 67215.2 Delegate Compatibility 67615.3 Delegate Instantiation 67615.4 Delegate Invocation 677Chapter 16: Exceptions 68116.1 Causes of Exceptions 68316.2 The System.Exception Class 68316.3 How Exceptions Are Handled 68416.4 Common Exception Classes 685Chapter 17: Attributes 68717.1 Attribute Classes 68817.2 Attribute Specification 69217.3 Attribute Instances 69817.4 Reserved Attributes 69917.5 Attributes for Interoperation 707Chapter 18: Unsafe Code 70918.1 Unsafe Contexts 71018.2 Pointer Types 71318.3 Fixed and Moveable Variables 71618.4 Pointer Conversions 71718.5 Pointers in Expressions 72018.6 The fixed Statement 72818.7 Fixed-Size Buffers 73318.8 Stack Allocation 73618.9 Dynamic Memory Allocation 738Appendix A: Documentation Comments 741A.1 Introduction 741A.2 Recommended Tags 743A.3 Processing the Documentation File 754A.4 An Example 760Appendix B: Grammar 767B.1 Lexical Grammar 767B.2 Syntactic Grammar 777B.3 Grammar Extensions for Unsafe Code 809Appendix C: References 813Index 815
