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An authoritative account of Western civilizations. The Western Heritage provides the broadest possible introduction to Western civilization in a strong, clear narrative. It fosters lively debate about the West, defines how the West has interacted with other cultures, and shows how Western civilization can be used to understand global challenges today. The text integrates social, cultural, and political history, and it provides a flexible presentation to accommodate different teaching and learning approaches. The 11th edition is tied closely to MyHistoryLab, with icons connecting the main narrative to an array of MyHistoryLab resources, including documents, video segments, and interactive maps. The authors welcome Alison Frank, professor of history at Harvard University, to their team for this edition. A better teaching and learning experienceThis program will provide a better teaching and learning experience-for you and your students. Here's how: Personalize Learning - The new MyHistoryLab delivers proven results in helping students succeed, provides engaging experiences that personalize learning, and comes from a trusted partner with educational expertise and a deep commitment to helping students and instructors achieve their goals. Improve Critical Thinking - Chapter opening and end-of-chapter study resources help students understand the themes and spark class discussion. Engage Students - Box features included throughout the text encourage the use of visual and textual sources while promoting debate about the West. Support Instructors - Instructor's eText, MyHistoryLab, Instructor's Resource Manual, Test Item File, MyTest, PowerPoint presentations, and Class Preparation are available. For volume 1 of this text, search ISBN-10: 0205423868 For volume 2 of this text, search ISBN-10: 0205434517 Note: MyHistoryLab does not come automatically packaged with this text. To purchase MyHistoryLab, please visit: www.myhistorylab.com or you can purchase a ValuePack of the text + MyHistorylab (at no additional cost): ValuePack ISBN-10: 0205896316/ ValuePack ISBN-13: 9780205896318.
Contents
Found in this SectionPreface? ? About the Authors? What Is the Western Heritage?? PART 1: The Foundations of Western Civilization in the Ancient World to 400 C.E. Chapter 1: The Birth of Civilization Chapter 2: The Rise of Greek Civilization Chapter 3: Classical and Hellenistic Greece Chapter 4: Rome: From Republic to Empire Chapter 5: The Roman Empire PART 2: The Middle Ages, 476 C.E.-1300 C.E. Chapter 6: Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages: Creating a New European Society and Culture (476-1000) Chapter 7: The High Middle Ages: The Rise of European Empires and States (1000-1300) Chapter 8: Medieval Society: Hierarchies, Towns, Universities, and Families (1000-1300) PART 3: Europe in Transition, 1300-1750 Chapter 9: The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown (1300-1453) Chapter 10: Renaissance and Discovery Chapter 11: The Age of Reformation Chapter 12: The Age of Religious Wars Chapter 13: European State -Consolidation in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Chapter 14: New Directions in Thought and Culture in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries Chapter 15: Society and Economy Under the Old Regime in the Eighteenth Century Chapter 16: The Transatlantic Economy, Trade Wars, and Colonial Rebellion PART 4: Enlightenment and Revolution, 1700-1850 Chapter 17: The Age of Enlightenment: Eighteenth-Century Thought Chapter 18: The French Revolution Chapter 19: The Age of Napoleon and the Triumph of Romanticism Chapter 20: The Conservative Order and the Challenges of Reform (1815-1832) Chapter 21: Economic Advance and Social Unrest (1830-1850) PART 5: Toward the Modern World, 1850-1939 Chapter 22: The Age of Nation-States Chapter 23: The Building of European Supremacy: Society and Politics to World War I Chapter 24: The Birth of Modern European Thought Chapter 25: The Age of Western Imperialism Chapter 26: Alliances, War, and a Troubled Peace Chapter 27: The Interwar Years: The Challenge of Dictators and Depression PART 6: Global Conflict, Cold War, and New Directions, 1939-2012 Chapter 28: World War II Chapter 29: The Cold War Era, Decolonization, and the Emergence of a New Europe Chapter 30: Social, Cultural, and Economic Challenges in the West through the Present Preface? ? About the Authors? What Is the Western Heritage?? PART 1: The Foundations of Western Civilization in the Ancient World to 400 C.E. Chapter 1: The Birth of Civilization Early Humans and Their Culture The Paleolithic Age The Neolithic Age The Bronze Age and the Birth of Civilization Early Civilizations to about 1000 B.C.E. Mesopotamian Civilization Egyptian Civilization Ancient Near Eastern Empires The Hittites The Assyrians The Second Assyrian Empire The Neo-Babylonians The Persian Empire Cyrus the Great Darius the Great Government and Administration Religion Art and Culture Palestine The Canaanites and the Phoenicians The Israelites The Jewish Religion General Outlook of Mideastern Cultures Humans and Nature Humans and the Gods, Law, and Justice Toward the Greeks and Western Thought In Perspective Key Terms Review Questions Suggested Readings MyHistoryLab Media Assignments BABYLONIAN WORLD MAP Divination in Ancient Mesopotamia The Great Flood Chapter 2: The Rise of Greek Civilization The Bronze Age on Crete and on the Mainland to about 1150 B.C.E. The Minoans The Mycenaeans The Greek "Middle Ages" to about 750 B.C.E. Greek Migrations The Age of Homer The Polis Development of the Polis The Hoplite Phalanx The Importance of the Polis Expansion of the Greek World Magna Graecia The Greek Colony The Tyrants (about 700-500 B.C.E.) The Major States Sparta Athens Life in Archaic Greece Society Religion Poetry The Persian Wars The Ionian Rebellion The War in Greece In Perspective Key Terms Review Questions Suggested Readings MyHistoryLab Media Assignments Greek Athletics THE TRIREME Greek Strategy in the Persian War Chapter 3: Classical and Hellenistic Greece Aftermath of Victory The Delian League The Rise of Cimon The First Peloponnesian War: Athens Against Sparta The Breach with Sparta The Division of Greece Classical Greece The Athenian Empire Athenian Democracy The Women of Athens: Legal Status and Everyday Life Slavery Religion in Public Life The Great Peloponnesian War Causes Strategic Stalemate The Fall of Athens Competition for Leadership in the Fourth Century B.C.E. The Hegemony of Sparta The Hegemony of Thebes: The Second Athenian Empire The Culture of Classical Greece The Fifth Century B.C.E. The Fourth Century B.C.E. Philosophy and the Crisis of the Polis The Hellenistic World The Macedonian Conquest Alexander the Great The Successors Hellenistic Culture Philosophy Literature Architecture and Sculpture Mathematics and Science In Perspective Key Terms Review Questions Suggested Readings MyHistoryLab Media Assignments Going to Court in Athens Athenian Democracy-Pro and Con Empire Prehistoric Italy The Etruscans Government Religion Women Dominion Royal Rome Government The Family Women in Early Rome Clientage Patricians and Plebeians The Republic Constitution The Conquest of Italy Rome and Carthage The Republic's Conquest of the Hellenistic World Civilization in the Early Roman Republic Religion Education Slavery Roman Imperialism: The Late Republic The Aftermath of Conquest The Gracchi Marius and Sulla The Fall of the Republic Pompey, Crassus, Caesar, and Cicero The First Triumvirate Julius Caesar and His Government of Rome The Second Triumvirate and the Triumph of Octavian In Perspective Key Terms Review Questions Suggested Readings MyHistoryLab Media Assignments LICTORS Two Roman Festivals: The Saturnalia and Lupercalia Did Caesar Want to Be King? Chapter 5: The Roman Empire The Augustan Principate Administration The Army and Defense Religion and Morality Civilization of the Ciceronian and Augustan Ages The Late Republic The Age of Augustus Imperial Rome, 14 to 180 C.E. The Emperors The Administration of the Empire Women of the Upper Classes Life in Imperial Rome: The Apartment House The Culture of the Early Empire The Rise of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth Paul of Tarsus Organization The Persecution of Christians The Emergence of Catholicism Rome as a Center of the Early Church The Crisis of the Third Century Barbarian Invasions Economic Difficulties The Social Order Civil Disorder The Late Empire The Fourth Century and Imperial Reorganization The Triumph of Christianity Arts and Letters in the Late Empire The Preservation of Classical Culture Christian Writers The Problem of the Decline and Fall of the Empire in the West In Perspective Key Terms Review Questions Suggested Readings MyHistoryLab Media Racing Christianity in the Roman Empire-Why Did the Romans Persecute the Christians? Ancient Warfare PART 2: The Middle Ages, 476 C.E.-1300 C.E. Chapter 6: Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages: Creating a New European Society and Culture (476-1000) The Byzantine Empire The Reign of Justinian The Spread of Byzantine Christianity Persians and Muslims Islam and the Islamic World Muhammad's Religion Islamic Diversity Islamic Empires Byzantium's Contribution to Islamic Civilization The European Debt to Islam On the Eve of the Frankish Ascendancy Germanic Migrations New Western Masters Western Society and the Developing Christian Church Monastic Culture The Doctrine of Papal Primacy The Religious Division of Christendom The Kingdom of the Franks: From Clovis to Charlemagne Governing the Franks The Reign of Charlemagne (768-814) Breakup of the Carolingian Kingdom Feudal Society Origins Vassalage and the Fief Daily Life and Religion Fragmentation and Divided Loyalty In Perspective Key Terms Review Questions Suggested Readings MyHistoryLab Media Assignments The Battle of the Sexes in Christianity and Islam A MULTICULTURAL BOOK COVER Medieval Cooking Chapter 7: The High Middle Ages: The Rise of European Empires and States (1000-1300) Otto I and the Revival of the Empire Unifying Germany Embracing the Church The Reviving Catholic Church The Cluny Reform Movement The Investiture Struggle: Gregory VII and Henry IV The Crusades The Pontificate of Innocent III (r. 1198-1216) England and France: Hastings (1066) to Bouvines (1214) William the Conqueror Henry II Eleanor of Aquitaine and Court Culture Baronial Revolt and Magna Carta Philip II Augustus France in the Thirteenth Century: The Reign of Louis IX Generosity Abroad Order and Excellence at Home The Hohenstaufen Empire (1152-1272) Frederick I Barbarossa Henry VI and the Sicilian Connection Otto IV and the Welf Interregnum Frederick II Romanesque and Gothic Architecture In Perspective Key Terms Review Questions Suggested Readings MyHistoryLab Media Assignments EUROPEANS EMBRACE A BLACK SAINT Christian Jihad, Muslim Jihad Pilgrimages Chapter 8: Medieval Society: Hierarchies, Towns, Universities, and Families (1000-1300) The Traditional Order of Life Nobles Clergy Peasants Towns and Townspeople The Chartering of Towns The Rise of Merchants Challenging the Old Lords New Models of Government Towns and Kings Jews in Christian Society Schools and Universities University of Bologna Cathedral Schools University of Paris The Curriculum Philosophy and Theology Women in Medieval Society Image and Status Life Choices Working Women The Lives of Children Children as "Little Adults" Childhood as a Special Stage In Perspective Key Terms Review Questions Suggested Readings MyHistoryLab Media Assignments Faith and Love in the High Middle Ages The Invention of Printing in China and Europe PART 3: Europe in Transition, 1300-1750 Chapter 9: The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown (1300-1453) The Black Death Preconditions and Causes of the Plague Popular Remedies Social and Economic Consequences New Conflicts and Opportunities The Hundred Years' War and the Rise of National Sentiment The Causes of the War Progress of the War Ecclesiastical Breakdown and Revival: The Late Medieval Church The Thirteenth-Century Papacy Boniface VIII and Philip the Fair The Avignon Papacy (1309-1377) John Wycliffe and John Huss The Great Schism (1378-1417) and the Conciliar Movement in the Church to 1449 Medieval Russia Politics and Society Mongol Rule (1243-1480) In Perspective Key Terms Review Questions Suggested Readings MyHistoryLab Media Assignments A BURIAL SCENE FROM THE BLACK DEATH Dealing with Death Who Runs the World: Priests or Princes? Chapter 10: Renaissance and Discovery The Renaissance in Italy (1375-1527) The Italian City-States Humanism High Renaissance Art Slavery in the Renaissance 3 Italy's Political Decline: The French Invasions (1494-1527) Charles VIII's March Through Italy Pope Alexander VI and the Borgia Family Pope Julius II Niccolo Machiavelli Revival of Monarchy in Northern Europe France Spain England The Holy Roman Empire The Northern Renaissance The Printing Press Erasmus Humanism and Reform Voyages of Discovery and the New Empires in the West and East The Portuguese Chart the Course The Spanish Voyages of Columbus The Spanish Empire in the New World The Church in Spanish America The Economy of Exploitation Mining The Impact on Europe In Perspective Key Terms Review Questions Suggested Readings MyHistoryLab Media Assignments The Renaissance Garden LEONARDO PLOTS THE PERFECT MAN Is the "Renaissance Man" a Myth? Chapter 11: The Age of Reformation Society and Religion Social and Political Conflict Popular Religious Movements and Criticism of the Church Martin Luther and the German Reformation to 1525 The Attack on Indulgences Election of Charles V Luther's Excommunication and the Diet of Worms Imperial Distractions: War with France and the Turks How the Reformation Spread The Peasants' Revolt The Reformation Elsewhere Zwingli and the Swiss Reformation Anabaptists and Radical Protestants John Calvin and the Genevan Reformation Political Consolidation of the Lutheran Reformation The Diet of Augsburg The Expansion of the Reformation Reaction Against Protestants The Peace of Augsburg The English Reformation to 1553 The Preconditions of Reform The King's Affair The "Reformation Parliament" Wives of Henry VIII The King's Religious Conservatism The Protestant Reformation under Edward VI Catholic Reform and Counter-Reformation Sources of Catholic Reform Ignatius of Loyola and the Jesuits The Council of Trent (1545-1563) The Social Significance of the Reformation in Western Europe The Revolution in Religious Practices and Institutions The Reformation and Education The Reformation and the Changing Role of Women Family Life in Early Modern Europe Later Marriages Arranged Marriages Family Size Birth Control Wet Nursing Loving Families? Literary Imagination in Transition Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra: Rejection of Idealism William Shakespeare: Dramatist of the Age In Perspective Key Terms Review Questions Suggested Readings A Raw Deal for the Common Man, or Just Desserts? Table Manners Chapter 12: The Age of Religious Wars Renewed Religious Struggle The French Wars of Religion (1562-1598) Appeal of Calvinism Catherine de Medicis and the Guises The Rise to Power of Henry of Navarre The Edict of Nantes Imperial Spain and Philip II (r. 1556-1598) Pillars of Spanish Power The Revolt in the Netherlands England and Spain (1553-1603) Mary I (r. 1553-1558) Elizabeth I (r. 1558-1603) The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) Preconditions for War Four Periods of War The Treaty of Westphalia In Perspective Key Terms Review Questions Suggested Readings MyHistoryLab Media Assignments BAROQUE AND PLAIN CHURCH: Tolerance Going to the Thea Chapter 13: European State -Consolidation in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries The Netherlands: Golden Age to Decline Urban Prosperity Economic Decline Two Models of European Political Development Constitutional Crisis and Settlement in Stuart England James I Charles I The Long Parliament and Civil War Oliver Cromwell and the Puritan Republic Charles II and the Restoration of the Monarchy The "Glorious Revolution" The Age of Walpole Rise of Absolute Monarchy in France: The World of Louis XIV Years of Personal Rule Versailles King by Divine Right Louis's Early Wars Louis's Repressive Religious Policies Louis's Later Wars France After Louis XIV Central and Eastern Europe Poland: Absence of Strong Central Authority The Habsburg Empire and the Pragmatic Sanction Prussia and the Hohenzollerns Russia Enters the European Political Arena The Romanov Dynasty Peter the Great Russian Expansion in the Baltic: The Great Northern War In Perspective Key Terms Review Questions Suggested Readings MyHistoryLab Media Assignments Early Controversy Over Tobacco and Smoking VERSAILLES The Debate over the Origin and Character of Political Authority Chapter 14: New Directions in Thought and Culture in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries The Scientific Revolution Nicolaus Copernicus Rejects an Earth-Centered Universe Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler Make New Scientific Observations Galileo Galilei Argues for a Universe of Mathematical Laws Isaac Newton Discovers the Laws of Gravitation Philosophy Responds to Changing Science Nature as Mechanism Francis Bacon: The Empirical Method Rene Descartes: The Method of Rational Deduction Thomas Hobbes: Apologist for Absolute Government John Locke: Defender of Moderate Liberty and Toleration The New Institutions of Expanding Natural Knowledge Women in the World of the Scientific Revolution The New Science and Religious Faith The Case of Galileo Blaise Pascal: Reason and Faith The English Approach to Science and Religion Continuing Superstition Witch Hunts and Panic Village Origins Influence of the Clergy Who Were the Witches? End of the Witch Hunts Baroque Art In Perspective Key Terms Review Questions Suggested Readings MyHistoryLab Media Assignments THE SCIENCES AND THE ARTS Descartes and Swift Debate the Scientific Enterprise Midwives Chapter 15: Society and Economy Under the Old Regime in the Eighteenth Century Major Features of Life in the Old Regime Maintenance of Tradition Hierarchy and Privilege The Aristocracy Varieties of Aristocratic Privilege Aristocratic Resurgence The Land and Its Tillers Peasants and Serfs Aristocratic Domination of the Countryside: The English Game Laws Family Structures and the Family Economy Households The Family Economy Women and the Family Economy Children and the World of the Family Economy The Revolution in Agriculture New Crops and New Methods Expansion of the Population The Industrial Revolution of the Eighteenth Century A Revolution in Consumption Industrial Leadership of Great Britain New Methods of Textile Production The Steam Engine Iron Production The Impact of the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions on Working Women The Growth of Cities Patterns of Preindustrial Urbanization Urban Classes The Urban Riot The Jewish Population: The Age of the Ghetto In Perspective Key Terms Review Questions Suggested Readings MyHistoryLab Media Assignments AN ARISTOCRATIC COUPLE Two Eighteenth-Century Writers Contemplate the Effects of Different Economic Structures Water, Washing, and Bathing Chapter 16: The Transatlantic Economy, Trade Wars, and Colonial Rebellion Periods of European Overseas Empires Mercantile Empires Mercantilist Goals French-British Rivalry The Spanish Colonial System Colonial Government Trade Regulation Colonial Reform under the Spanish Bourbon Monarchs Black African Slavery, the Plantation System, and the Atlantic Economy The African Presence in the Americas Slavery and the Transatlantic Economy The Experience of Slavery Mid-Eighteenth-Century Wars The War of Jenkins's Ear The War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) The "Diplomatic Revolution" of 1756 The Seven Years' War (1756-1763) The American Revolution and Europe Resistance to the Imperial Search for Revenue The Crisis and Independence American Political Ideas Events in Great Britain Broader Impact of the American Revolution In Perspective Key Terms Review Questions Suggested Readings MyHistoryLab Media Assignments Sugar Enters the Western Diet A Columbian Exchange: Disease, Animals, and Agriculture PART 4: Enlightenment and Revolution, 1700-1850 Chapter 17: The Age of Enlightenment: Eighteenth-Century Thought Formative Influences on the Enlightenment The Emergence of a Print Culture The Philosophes Philosophes and Patrons The Enlightenment and Religion Deism Toleration Radical Enlightenment Criticism of Christianity The Limits of Toleration The Jewish Enlightenment The Enlightenment and Society The Encyclopedia: Freedom and Economic Improvement Beccaria and Reform of Criminal Law The Physiocrats and Economic Freedom Adam Smith on Economic Growth and Social Progress Political Thought of the Philosophes Montesquieu and Spirit of the Laws Rousseau: A Radical Critique of Modern Society Enlightened Critics of European Empires Women in the Thought and Practice of the Enlightenment Rococo and Neoclassical Styles in Eighteenth-Century Art Enlightened Absolutism Frederick the Great of Prussia Joseph II of Austria Catherine the Great of Russia The Partitions of Poland The End of the Eighteenth Century in Central and Eastern Europe In Perspective Key Terms Review Questions Suggested Readings MyHistoryLab Media Assignments Coffeehouses and Enlightenment AN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY ARTIST Toleration Chapter 18: The French Revolution The Crisis of the French Monarchy The Monarchy Seeks New Taxes Necker's Report Calonne's Reform Plan and the Assembly of Notables Deadlock and the Calling of the Estates General The Revolution of 1789 The Estates General Becomes the National Assembly Fall of the Bastille The "Great Fear" and the Night of August 4 The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen The Parisian Women's March on Versailles The Reconstruction of France Political Reorganization Economic Policy The Civil Constitution of the Clergy Counterrevolutionary Activity The End of the Monarchy: A Second Revolution Emergence of the Jacobins The Convention and the Role of the Sans-culottes Europe at War with the Revolution Edmund Burke Attacks the Revolution Suppression of Reform in Britain The Second and Third Partitions of Poland, 1793, 1795 The Reign of Terror War with Europe The Republic Defended The "Republic of Virtue" and Robespierre's Justification of Terror Repression of the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women De-Christianization Revolutionary Tribunals The End of the Terror The Thermidorian Reaction Establishment of the Directory Removal of the Sans-culottes from Political Life In Perspective Key Terms Review Questions Suggested Readings MyHistoryLab Media Assignments CHALLENGING THE FRENCH POLITICAL ORDER The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen Opens the Door for Disadvantaged Groups to Demand Equal Civic Rights The Metric System Chapter 19: The Age of Napoleon and the Triumph of Romanticism The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte Early Military Victories The Constitution of the Year VIII The Consulate in France (1799-1804) Suppressing Foreign Enemies and Domestic Opposition Concordat with the Roman Catholic Church The Napoleonic Code Establishing a Dynasty The Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) Napoleon's Empire (1804-1814) Conquering an Empire The Continental System European Response to the Empire German Nationalism and Prussian Reform The Wars of Liberation The Invasion of Russia European Coalition The Congress of Vienna and the European Settlement Territorial Adjustments The Hundred Days and the Quadruple Alliance The Romantic Movement Romantic Questioning of the Supremacy of Reason Rousseau and Education Kant and Reason Romantic Literature English Romantic Writers The German Romantic Writers Romantic Art The Cult of the Middle Ages and Neo-Gothicism Nature and the Sublime Religion in the Romantic Period Methodism New Directions in Continental Religion Romantic Views of Nationalism and History Herder and Culture Hegel and History Islam, the Middle East, and Romanticism In Perspective Key Terms
