- ホーム
- > 洋書
- > 英文書
- > Psychology
Full Description
Cognitive Psychologyrigorous descriptions of key empirical findings and theoretical principles with frequent real-world examples, strong learning pedagogy, and a straightforward organization.For undergraduate courses in cognitive psychology.Engagingly written, the text weaves five empirical threads - neuroscience, consciousness, individual differences, development, and culture - throughout the text to help students integrate the material. The text's organization offers an intuitive description of cognition that enhances student understanding by organizing chapters around the flow of a piece of information that enters the cognitive system. Available with MyPsychLab! www.pearsonhighered.com/newmylabs
Contents
Table of ContentsChapter 1-Cognitive Psychology: A Brief History and IntroductionWhat is Cognition?The Omnipresence of Cognitive ProcessingAn Interdisciplinary PerspectivePsychology B.C. (Before Cognitive psychology)PsychophysicsStructuralism: The Contents of Mental Experience Functionalism: The Functions of Mental ExperienceBehaviorism: The Rejection of Mental ExperienceLaying the Foundation for Cognitive PsychologyThe Emergence of Cognitive PsychologyS-R Explanations: Seriously wRong?Technological InfluencesPSYCHOLOGY A.D. (After Decline of behaviorism)Behaviorism ReconsideredInformation-Processing: A Computer Metaphor for CognitionConnectionism: A Brain Metaphor for CognitionThe Brain: More than a MetaphorCurrent Trends in the Study of Cognition Chapter 2-Perception and Consciousness: Basics of Information IntakeBasic Issues in PerceptionSensation and PerceptionBottom-Up and Top-Down ProcessingThe Basic Tasks of Visual Perception Perceptual Organizational ProcessesMultisensory Interaction and IntegrationSynesthesiaComparing the SensesPerception and ActionConsciousnessVarieties of ConsciousnessDisassociations of ConsciousnessSubliminal PerceptionChapter 3-Mechanisms of Attention: Monitoring and Noticing InformationAttention: What is it?Attention: Basic CharacteristicsPre-Attentive vs. Post-Attentive ProcessingVisual AttentionTypes of Visual AttentionLimits in Visual AttentionAuditory AttentionSelective AttentionDivided AttentionAutomatic ProcessingThe Stroop EffectCharacteristics of Automatic ProcessingAccounts of AutomaticityCosts of AutomaticityDriving: A Case Study in AttentionDriving and Auditory AttentionDriving and Visual AttentionChapter 4 - Immediate Memory: The Control and Manipulation of InformationThe Importance of Executive AttentionImmediate Memory: Basic CharacteristicsLimits in DurationLimits in CapacityCodingTheoretical Frameworks for Immediate MemoryThe Modal ModelThe Working Memory ModelA Unitary View of MemoryEmbedded-Process ViewSomething We All Can Agree On: Capacity Limits and ForgettingWho's the Boss? Problems in Executive ControlMind WanderingIronic Processes of Control The Effects of StressImproving Executive Function Chapter 5 - Objects and Concepts: Identifying and Classifying InformationIdentification and Classification: An OverviewRecognizing from the Bottom, Up and from the Top, DownObject RecognitionTheories of Visual Object RecognitionNon-Visual RecognitionFace RecognitionFace InversionHolistic ProcessingIs Face Recognition "Special"?Individual DifferencesSelf-RecognitionRetrieving Names of Faces: Person RecognitionNetworks and Concepts: The Classification DatabaseSemantic NetworksConcepts and CategoriesSimilarity-Based CategorizationEssentialist Approach: Concepts as TheoriesChapter 6 - Basic Processes in Long-Term Memory: Encoding and Retrieving InformationFundamental Issues and Distinctions Types of Long-Term MemoryA Descriptive Framework: Encoding, Storage, and RetrievalLTM: Modes of Access and UseEncoding Processes in Explicit Long-term RememberingAttention and RepetitionRehearsalLevels of ProcessingSelf-ReferenceFitness-Relevant ProcessingOrganization and DistinctivenessRemembering ActionTransfer Appropriate ProcessingRetrieval Processes in Long-Term MemoryAvailability and AccessibilityEncoding SpecificityAging and RetrievalMemory and ConsciousnessRemembering and Knowing Implicit MemoryChapter 7 - Autobiographical Memory: Recalling Important Events from LifeEveryday MemoryNeisser's Challenge: Ecological Validity and Memory ResearchAutobiographical Memory: Basic Issues and MethodologyMemories vs. FactsMethods of InvestigationRecalling a Life: Developmental Aspects of Autobiographical MemoryChildhood AmnesiaThe Reminiscence BumpForgettingAutobiographical Memory RetrievalEncoding Specificity in Autobiographical MemoryEffective Cues for Autobiographical MemoriesModels of Autobiographical Memory RetrievalInvoluntary Autobiographical MemoriesEmotion and Autobiographical RememberingFlashbulb MemoriesMemory for TraumaMood and Autobiographical RememberingFunctions of Autobiographical MemoryCommunicative FunctionEmotional FunctionDirective FunctionChapter 8 --Malleability in Memory: Processes of Forgetting, Editing, and DistortionThe Sins of MemoryEyewitness MemoryEncoding and Storage I: Event-Related FactorsEncoding and Storage II: Post-Event FactorsRetrieval FactorsIllusory MemoriesSimple EventsComplex EventsFalse Remembering: Theoretical FrameworksThe Recovered Memory ControversyMemories for Traumatic Events: Forgotten, Then Recalled?Remembering and Forgetting Trauma: Ordinary Forgetting and Special Mechanisms?False Memories for Traumatic Events?Answering the QuestionChapter 9 - Language I: Basic Issues and Speech ProcessingLanguage: Basic Principles Linguistics and PsycholinguisticsWords and Rules Design Features of LanguageLanguage in Nonhuman AnimalsLevels of AnalysisPhonology: The Sounds of LanguagePhones and PhonomesMorphology: From Sounds to WordsProducing (or "Morphing") the Spoken WordPerceiving the Spoken WordSyntax and Semantics: From Words to SentencesTransformational GrammarPragmatics: The Social Aspects of LanguageConversational StructureGender and ConversationPutting it All Together: Language Production and PerceptionSpeech ProductionSpeech PerceptionMotor Theory of Speech PerceptionAuditory Theory of Speech PerceptionA Re-Assessment: Kind of Special?Chapter 10 -Language II: Reading and Comprehending TextMechanical Aspects of ReadingTop-Down and Bottom-Up Processes in ReadingEye MovementsWord RecognitionDyslexiaHow Should Reading Be Taught?Anglo-Centric Language StudiesReading MythsSentence Level ProcessingSentence ParsingDiscourse ComprehensionLevels of RepresentationStructure and CoherenceDiscourse Memory and RepresentationMemory for DiscourseModels of Discourse ComprehensionMetacomprehensionSpeed Reading?Chapter 11 - Judgments and Decisions: Using Information to Make ChoicesFundamental ConceptsThe Focus on ErrorsDual-Process ViewsReasoningDeductive ReasoningInductive ReasoningJudgmentThe Availability HeuristicThe Representative HeuristicThe Anchoring and Adjustment HeuristicBiased Evaluation of Our JudgmentsDecision MakingExpected Utility: A Normative ApproachProspect Theory: A Descriptive ApproachEmotions and Decision MakingDecisions Making: Biases or Adaptive Tools?Improving Decision MakingChapter 12 - Problems and Goals: Using Information to Arrive at Solutions What is a Problem?Well-Defined and Ill-Defined ProblemsRoutine and Nonroutine ProblemsProblem-Solving Research: Some Methodological ChallengesApproaches to the Study of Problem SolvingBehaviorism: Problem Solving as Associative LearningGestalt Psychology: Problem Solving as InsightCognitive Psychology: Problem Solving as Information ProcessingProblem RepresentationRigidity in Problem RepresentationIndividual Differences in Problem RepresentationProblem SolutionAlgorithms HeuristicsExperts: Masters of Representation and SolutionExpert AdvantagesExpert Disadvantages: Costs of ExpertiseInsight and CreativityInsightCreativityReferencesPhoto CreditsName IndexSubject Index
