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Full Description
The life-and-death struggle between Athens and Sparta that embroiled all of the Greek world for an entire generation was a war that almost did not happen. Both sides entered it with hesitation, and the fortunes of war swung back and forth so wildly that at many junctures either side could have won. The plague that visited Athens in the war's early years was entirely unforeseen, as was the death in 429 of their leading statesman Pericles, who was expected to guide Athens through the war until the Spartans acquiesced. The war could have concluded many times before the conventional ending of open hostilities in 404 BCE, even as early as 425 when a team of crack Spartan troops, marooned on an island off the coast of the Peloponnesus, laid down their arms and surrendered, something that had never happened before. Sparta sought peace to regain its men, but the Athenians thought they could get better terms and kept fighting. After 27 years of butchery on land and at sea previously unparalleled in Greece, nothing had really been gained by either side, not even by the Spartan "victors," who seemed to be as capable of winning a war as of losing a peace.
War without Victory provides a superlative narrative of this famous conflict, authoritatively examining its origins and its impact on the culture and social structure of the participants. Jennifer Roberts' history will be distinguished for placing the war in a wider historical context, continuing the story down to the outbreak of the so-called Corinthian War in 395, when gold from the Persian king made it possible for Sparta's former allies to join Athens in making war on them. It will therefore include one of the most infamous episodes in Greek history, which was partly a direct consequence of the war: the trial and execution of Socrates. Finally, it will treat the events leading up to the stunning defeat of Sparta by its former ally Thebes at the battle of Leuctra in 371, a defeat which effectively ended Sparta's martial dominance forever. Including a discussion of Greece's rich cultural life of the period, this book promises to be just as masterful an account as Donald Kagan's condensed one-volume history.
Contents
List of Maps and Images
A Note on Sources
Introduction
Chapter 1: Setting the Stage
Chapter 2: The Greek States at War and Peace
Chapter 3: Sparta Provoked, Athens Intransigent
Chapter 4: The War Begins
Chapter 5: The Plague of War
Chapter 6: New Challenges and New Leaders
Chapter 7: The Fortunes of War
Chapter 8: War Throughout the Mainland, and the Call of the West
Chapter 9: Moving Towards Peace
Chapter 10: The Peace that Was Not Peace
Chapter 11: An Invitation and Two Scandals
Chapter 12: Deliverance for Syracuse
Chapter 13: The Empire Strikes Back
Chapter 14: Dramatic Developments for the Athenians
Chapter 15: Alcibiades, Cyrus, and Lysander
Chapter 16: A Seeming Victory
Chapter 17: Athens After the Amnesty
Chapter 18: The Greek States in a Changing World
Chapter 19: Continuing Warfare in an Age of Reflection
Chapter 20: The End for Sparta
Chapter 21: War Without Victory
Cast of Characters
Bibliography
