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基本説明
This is a book with a chronological sweep that runs from the Stone Age to the Present day.
Full Description
There are many histories of how wars have begun, but very few which discuss how they have ended. This book fills that gap. Beginning with the Stone Age and ending with globalized terrorism, it addresses the specific issue of surrender, rather than the subsequent establishment of peace. At its heart is the individual warrior or soldier, and his or her decision to lay down arms. In the ancient world surrender led in most cases to slavery, but a slave still lived rather than died. In the modern world international law gives the soldiers rights as prisoners of war, and those rights include the prospect of their eventual return home. But individuals can surrender at any point in a war, and without having such an effect that they end the war. The termination of hostilities depends on a collective act for its consequences to be decisive. It also requires the enemy to accept the offer to surrender in the midst of combat. In other words, like so much else in war, surrender depends on reciprocity - on the readiness of one side to stop fighting and of the other to accept that readiness. This volume argues that surrender is the single biggest contributor to the containment of violence in warfare, offering the vanquished the opportunity to survive and the victor the chance to show moderation and magnanimity. Since the rules of surrender have developed over time, they form a key element in understanding the cultural history of warfare.
Contents
PART I: NO QUARTER? THE BEGINNINGS OF SURRENDER; PART II: LEARNING TO SURRENDER? THE MIDDLE AGES; PART III: THE DEVELOPMENTS OF RULES AND REGULATIONS: SURRENDER IN EARLY MODERN TIMES; III.A. SURRENDER IN INTERCULTURAL WARS; III.B.: SURRENDER IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE; PART IV: A QUESTION OF HONOUR: SURRENDER IN SEA WARFARE; PART V: THE TIMES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW: SURRENDER IN MODERN WARS; V.A. THE 19TH CENTURY; V.B. SURRENDER IN WORLD WAR I; PART VI: UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER? WORLD WAR II; VI A. 'CONVENTIONAL' SURRENDERS; VI B. GERMANY AND JAPAN IN WORLD WAR II; PART VII: OUR TIMES: ASYMMETRIC WARS - ENDLESS WARS AND NO SURRENDER?
