基本説明
New in paperback. Hardcover was published in 2000. Transl. by Kevin Windle.
Full Description
This book unites lexicography with theoretical linguistics. The two fields tend to ignore each other: lexicographers produce dictionaries, linguists grammars. As a result grammars and dictionaries are often discordant and sometimes glaringly incompatible. In Systematic Lexicography Juri Apresjan shows the insights linguistics has to offer lexicography, and equally that the achievements and challenges of lexicography provide a rewarding field for linguistic inquiry.
The author presents the vocabulary of a language as a complicated system reflecting a specific view of the world. He does so within an integrated theory of language, in which grammatical and lexical meanings, and the conceptualizations underlying them, blend and interact. Each lexeme, he argues, is a point of intersection of various lexicographic types classes of lexemes with shared semantic, syntactic, pragmatic or mental properties, that are sensitive to the same rules, and which should thus be uniformly described in the dictionary. When any lexeme is viewed against the whole set of linguistic rules, new facets emerge, and these reveal, he shows, key characteristics of words that dictionaries do not currently record.
Professor Apresjan not only presents an original, unified theory of language, inspired by the Moscow school of semantics. He also works out its consequences and describes the problems he faced in applying it to the description of Russian. The reader will find that travelling with the author through Russian semantic space is both enlightening and entertaining. The books wealth of lexical facts, illuminated by systematic thought, give it unique character and importance: it will be of great interest to theoretical linguists and to all concerned with writing of dictionaries as well as to semanticists and students of Russian.
Contents
Introduction ; PART I: PROBLEMS OF SYNONYMY ; Chapter 1: English Synonyms and a Dictionary of Synonyms ; Chapter 2: Types of Information in a Dictionary of Synonyms ; Chapter 3: The Picture of Man as Reflected in Linguistic Data: An attempt at a systematic description ; Chapter 4: The Synonymy of Mental Predicates: schitat' [to consider] and its synonyms ; Chapter 5: The Problem of Factivity: znat' [to know] and its synonyms ; Chapter 6: Khotet' [to want] and its synonyms: Notes about words ; PART II: SYSTEMATIC LEXICOGRAPHY ; Chapter 7: Metaphor in the Semantic Representation of Emotions ; Chapter 8: On the Language of Explications and Semantic Primitives ; Chapter 9: Lexicographic Portraits ; Chapter 10: A Lexicographic Portrait of the Verb vyiti [to emerge, come out] ; References
