Full Description
Overcoming Evil describes the origins or influences leading to genocide, violent conflict and terrorism. It identifies principles and practices of prevention, and of reconciliation between groups after violence, or before violence thereby to prevent violence. It uses both past cases such as the Holocaust, and contemporary ones such as Rwanda, the Congo, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, contemporary terrorism, and the relations between the Dutch and Muslim minorities, which also has relevance to other European countries, as examples. The book draws on the author's previous work on all these issues, as well as on research in genocide studies, the study of conflict and of terrorism, and psychological research on group relations. It also describes the work of the author and his associates in real world settings, such as promoting reconciliation in Rwanda, Burundi and the Congo. The book considers what needs to be done to prevent impending or stop ongoing violence. It emphasizes early prevention, when violence generating conditions are present and a psychological and social evolution toward violence has begun, but not yet immediate danger of intense violence. The book considers the role of difficult social or life conditions, repression, culture, the institutions or structure of society, the psychology of individuals and groups, and the behavior of witnesses or bystanders within and outside societies. It emphasizes psychological processes, such as differentiation between us and them and devaluation of the "other," past victimization and psychological woundedness, the power of ideas and people's commitment to destructive ideologies. It considers humanizing the other, healing from past victimization, the creation of constructive ideologies and groups and how these help people develop cultures and institutions that make violence less likely. The book asks what needs to be accomplished to prevent violence, how it can be done, and who can do it. It aims to promote knowledge, understanding, and "active bystandership" by leaders and government officials, members of the media and citizens to prevent violence and create harmonious societies.
Contents
CONTENTS
Preface and Acknowledgments
Chapter 1.
Introduction. I. Origins, Prevention, Reconciliation
Chapter 2.
Introduction. II. Early and Late Prevention, The Costs of Violence, Evil and Goodness
Part I: The Origins of Mass Violence
Chapter 3.
The Sources of Conflict Between Groups and Primary Examples
Chapter 4.
Instigating Conditions: Starting Points of Mass Violence
Chapter 5
Psychological and Societal/Group Processes that Arise from Instigating Conditions
Chapter 6.
Learning by Doing in Individuals and Groups: The Evolution of Extreme Violence
Chapter 7.
Internal and External Bystanders: Their Passivity, Complicity, and Role in the Evolution of Violence
Chapter 8.
Cultural/Societal Characteristics that Make Hostility and Violence More Likely
Chapter 9.
Perpetration and the Perpetrators
Chapter 10.
Understanding the Woundedness/Psychological Transformation of All Parties in Mass Violence.
Part II. Prevention and Reconciliation
Chapter 11.
Introduction and late prevention.
Chapter 12.
Promoting Understanding, Healing and Reconciliation in Rwanda
Chapter 13.
Constructive Responses to Difficult Life Conditions and Conflict, Preventive Diplomacy and Dialogue
Chapter 14.
Developing Positive Orientation to the "Other": Humanizing and Contact with the Other.
Chapter 15.
Beyond "us" and "them": Constructive Ideologies and Groups, Common Identities, Inclusive Caring, and Pluralism
Chapter 16.
Changing Hearts and Minds: Information, Peace Education, and Public Education in Rwanda and the Congo
Chapter 17.
The Potential and Power of Active Bystanders: Citizens, Leaders, Nations, the International System.
Chapter 18.
Generating Action by Leaders, Citizens, Creating Structures for Prevention.
Chapter 19.
Healing/Psychological Recovery and Reconciliation
Chapter 20.
Other Elements of Reconciliation: Complex Truth, Collective Memory, Shared History and Justice
Chapter 21.
Forgiveness, Healing and Reconciliation
Chapter 22.
Raising Inclusively Caring, Morally Courageous Children and Altruism Born of Suffering
Chapter 23.
Recommendations and Conclusions
