基本説明
Explores the history of the concept of race in America, the reasons why the concept has no biological validity, and the ways in which it grew to become accepted as an idea that virtually everyone regards as self-evident.
Full Description
This text is designed to be used as a supplementary text for any course in which the instructor wants to explore the history of the concept of race in America, the reasons why the concept has no biological validity, and how "race" grew to become accepted as something that virtually everyone regards as self-evident. The first chapter lays out the reasons why the concept is biologically indefensible, and the remainder of the book examines the course of events that created that concept; the journey through time goes from Herodotus through Marco Polo, the Renaissance and the role of the New World, on up to the American Civil War, the curious results of the alliance switch in World War I, Arthur Jensen, the Bell Curve, J. Phillippe Rushton, and the Pioneer Fund in the 21st century.
Contents
Preface ; Introduction ; 1. THE BIOLOGY OF HUMAN VARIATION ; 1.1. Background of a Belief ; 1.2. Adaptive Traits: Clines ; 1.2.1. Skin ; 1.2.2. Tooth Size ; 1.2.3. Hemoglobin S ; 1.2.4. Blood Groups ; 1.2.5. Clusters and Non-Adaptive Traits ; 2. THE PERCEPTION AND HUMAN DIFFERENCES IN THE PAST ; 2.1. What Should We Call "Them?" ; 2.2. The Peasant Perspective ; 2.3. Antiquity ; 2.4. Renaissance ; 2.5. Enlightenment-The "Age of Reason" ; 2.6. Science and The Greatness of God ; 2.7. The Limits of Reason ; 2.8. Linnaeus and Classification ; 2.8.1. Linnaeus and the Classification of the Human Species ; 2.8.2. The Great Chain of Being ; 2.9. Buffon and Continuity ; 2.10. Camper and the Facial Angle ; 2.11. Assessing the Meaning of Human Differences ; 3. ONE ORIGIN OR MANY? ; 3.1. The Roots of "Polygenism" ; 3.1.1. Paracelsus ; 3.1.2. Peyrere ; 3.2. Monogenism ; 4. ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT ; 4.1. Blumenbach and "Degeneration" ; 4.2. The Scottish Enlightenment Comes to America ; 4.3. Samuel Stanhope Smith: "Race" From the Perspective of the American Enlightenment ; 5. THE TRIUMPH OF FEELING OVER REASON ; 5.1. Romanticism ; 6. PHRENOLOGY ; 7. THE FOUNDING OF THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF ANTHROPOLOGY ; 7.1 The Post-Colonial United States of America ; 7.2. Samuel George Morton and the American Origin of Biological Anthropology ; 8. PASSING THE TORCH ; 8.1. Louis Agassiz, Archetypical American ; 9. THE DEMISE OF MONOGENISM AND THE RISE OF POLYGENISM ; 9.1. John Bachman: The Last Monogenist ; 9.2. Josiah Clark Nott: The Voice of American Radicalism ; 9.3. Scotland: Dr. Robert Knox ; 9.4. France: Comte de Gobineau ; 10. TOWARDS A WAR OVER SLAVERY AND AFTERWARDS ; 10.1. George R. Gliddon ; 10.2. "Race" and Politics ; 10.3. War and Its Aftermath ; 11. THE FRENCH CONNECTION ; 11.1. Paul Broca and the Professionalization of Biological Anthropology ; 11.2. The Demise of the American School of Anthropology ; 12. THE LEGACY OF THE AMERICAN SCHOOL IN AMERICA ; 12.1. Nathaniel Southgate Shaler (1841-1906) ; 12.2. The First World War ; 12.3. The French Connection and the Concept of "Race" ; 12.4. William Z. Ripley and the Magic Three ; 12.5. Madison Grant ; 12.6. Lothrop Stoddard ; 13. THE ETHOS OF EUGENICS ; 13.1. Eugenics ; 13.2. Eugenics Exported to America ; 13.3. Germany ; 13.4. "Race" and Eugenics Applied to the Shaping of America ; 14. HENRY FORD AND THE ETHOS OF THE HOLOCAUST ; 14.1. The Anti-Semitism of Henry Ford ; 14.2. The Protocols of the Elders of Zion ; 15. THE OUTLOOK OF THE BIGOT BRIGADE ; 15.1. "Race" and "Intelligence" ; 15.2. "Statistical Theology and the Worship of 'g'" ; 15.3. Sir Cyril Burt-"Scientific" Fraud ; 16. THE GALTONIAN LEGACY IN AMERICA ; 16.1. World War I ; 16.2. "Intelligence" and Immigration ; 16.3. Lewis Terman and Genetic Predestination ; 16.4. Walter Lippmann Versus the Termanites ; 17. "RACE" IN BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY ; 17.1. Ale Hrdlicka and the Smithsonian: Organizing the Profession ; 17.2. Academia and The Patterns of Thought in Biological Anthropology: Sir Arthur Keith ; 17.3 Keith's Influence on America: Earnest Albert Hooton ; 17.4. Carleton Coon on "Race" ; 17.5. Science and Society on "Race" After World War II ; 18. THE LEGACY OF PIONEER FUND ; 18.1. The Promotion of "Scientific" Racism ; 18.2. Jensenism ; 18.3. Galton and "The Bell Curve" ; 18.4. J. Philippe Rushton ; 18.5. Richard Lynn ; 19. "OTHERISM" ; 19.1. Afterthoughts ; Sources Cited ; Index
