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基本説明
A main text for courses taught in departments of chemical and mechanical engineering.
Full Description
Understanding Rheology is a main text for advanced undergraduate or graduate level courses taught in departments of chemical and mechanical engineering. Rheology is the study of the deformation and flow of materials. The plastic flow solids, such as molten rock, and the physical properties of complex fluids such as polymers, colloids, foams, gels are among the chief concerns of rheology. The field of rheology is an industrially important one, and one that is growing rapidly. Rheology is of primary importance in polymer processing, food processing, coating and printing, and many other manufacturing processes.
This text begins with refresher sections on tensor and vector operations and Newtonian fluid mechanics which the students may or may not have retained from their fluid mechanis course (a certain prerequesite to this course), but which are essential to comprehending the material in this subject. Each chapter contains a problem set designed to reinforce materal covered in the chapter. The problems, samples, and mathematics in this text are appropriate to an undergraduate readership. This book also contains discussion of current jobs such as birefringence and the modern state of optics in measuring rheological phenomena.
This text is also designed for practicing engineers and scientists to use as a self-teaching guide to those rheological principles they find applicable to their work. The text contains example problems that will allow the reader to practice the subject under discussion. The appendices in this text contain reference material which should be of interest to this audience.
Contents
1. Introduction: How Much Do I Need to Learn about Rheology? ; 1.1 Shear Thinning/Shear Thickening ; 1.2 Yield Stress ; 1.3 Elastic/Visoelastic Effects ; 1.4 Rheology as Spectroscopy ; 1.5 Process Modeling ; 2. Vector and Tensor Operations ; 2.1 Scalars ; 2.2 Vectors ; 2.3 Tensors ; 2.4 Differential Operations with Vectors and Tensors ; 2.5 Curvilinear Coordinates ; 2.6 Vector and Tensor Integral Theorems ; 2.7 Problems ; 3. Newtonian Fluid Mechanics ; 3.1 Conservation of Mass ; 3.2 Conservation of Momentum ; 3.3 The Newtonian Constitutive Equation ; 3.4 The Navier-Stokes Equation ; 3.5 Example Flow Problems: Incompressible Newtonian Fluids ; 3.6 Problems ; 4. Standard Flows for Rheology ; 4.1 Introduction ; 4.2 Simple Shear Flow ; 4.3 Simple Shear-Free (Elongational) Flows ; 4.4 Forms of the Stress Tensor in Standard Flows ; 4.5 Measuring Stresses in Standard Flows ; 4.6 Problems ; 5. Material Functions ; 5.1 Introductino and Definitions ; 5.2 Shear Flow ; 5.3 Elogational Flow ; 5.4 Problems ; 6. Experimental Data ; 6.1 Steady Shear Flow ; 6.2 Unsteady Shear FLow ; 6.3 Steady Elongational Flow ; 6.4 Unsteady Elongational Flow ; 6.5 Summary ; 6.6 Problems ; 7. No Memory: Generalized Newtonian Fluids ; 7.1 Constitutive Constraints ; 7.2 The GNF Constitutive Equation ; 7.3 Material Function Predictions ; 7.4 Example Flow Problems: Power-Law Generalized Newtonian Fluids ; 7.5 Limitations on GNF Models ; 8. Memory Effects: Generalized Linear-Visoelastic Fluids ; 8.1 Memory effects ; 8.2 The Maxwell Models ; 8.3 The GLVE Constitutive Equations ; 8.4 Example Flow Problems: GLVE Fluid ; 8.5 Limitations on the GLVE Model ; 8.6 Problems ; 9. Introduction to More Advanced Constitutive Modeling ; 9.1 Finite Strain Measures ; 9.2 Lodge Equation ; 9.3 Convected Derivatives ; 9.4 Other Constitutive Approaches ; 9.5 Problems ; 10. Rheometry ; 10.1 Shear Flow ; 10.2 Elongational Flows ; 10.3 Flow Birefringence ; 10.4 Summary ; 10.5 Problems ; A. Nomenclature ; B. Glossary ; C. Mathematical Appendix ; C1 Math Hints ; C2 Differential Operations in Curvlinear Coordinates ; C3 Projection of a Plane ; C4 Finite Deformation Tensors in Curvlinear Coordinates ; C5 Coordinate Transformations of Orthonormal Bases ; C6 Finding Principal Values ; C7 Contravariant/Covariant Transformations of Tensors ; C8 Problems ; D. Predictions of Constitutive Equations ; E. Optics of Birefringence ; E1 Light in a Vacuum ; E2 Light in an Isotropic Medium ; E3 Light in an Anisotropic Medium ; E4 Summary ; E5 Problems
