Full Description
How do people learn a second language? For almost two decades, Principles of Language Learning and Teaching has been recognized as an exceptional guide to the theoretical foundations of language teaching.The fourth edition offers an overview of the study of Second Language Acquisition, while acting as a reference for the growing storehouse of research, subfields, and specializations of SLA.
Contents
1 Language, Learning, and Teaching Current Issues in Second Language AcquisitionLanguageLearning and TeachingSchools of Though in Second Language Acquisition Structuralism/Behaviorism Rationalism and Cognitive Psychology ConstructivismLanguage Teaching MethodologyIn the Classroom: The Grammar Translation MethodTopics and Questions for Study and DiscussionSuggested ReadingsLanguage Learning Experience: Journal Entry 2 First Language Acquisition Theories of First Language Acquisition Competence and Performance Comprehension and ProductionsNature or NurtureUniversalsSystematicity and VariabilityLanguage and ThoughtImitationPracticeInputDiscourseIn the Classroom: Gouin and Berlitz-The First ReformersTopics and Questions for Study and DiscussionSuggested ReadingsLanguage Learning Experience: Journal Entry 3 Age and Acquisition Dispelling MythsTypes of Comparison and ContrastThe Critical Period HypothesisNeurological Considerations Hemispheric Lateralization Biological Timetables Right-Hemispheric Participation Anthropological EvidenceThe Significance of AccentCognitive ConsiderationsAffective ConsiderationsLinguistic Considerations Bilingualism Interference Between First and Second LanguageInterference in Adults Order of AcquisitionIssues in First Language Acquisition RevisitedIn the Classroom: The Audiolingual MethodTopics and Questions for Study and DiscussionSuggested ReadingsLanguage Learning Experience: Journal Entry 4 Human Learning Learning and TrainingPavlov's Classical BehaviorismSkinner's Operant ConditioningAusubel's Meaningful Learning Theory Systematic ForgettingRogers's Humanistic PsychologyTypes of LearningTransfer, Interference, and OvergeneralizationInductive and Deductive ReasoningAptitude and IntelligenceIn the Classroom: The "Designer" Methods of the 1970sTopics and Questions for Study and DiscussionSuggested ReadingsLanguage Learning Experience: Journal Entry 5 Styles and Strategies Process, Style, and StrategyLearning Styles Field Independence Left- and Right-Brain Functioning Ambiguity Tolerance Reflectivity and Impulsivity Visual and Auditory StylesStrategies Learning Strategies Communication Strategies Avoidance Strategies Compensatory StrategiesStrategies-Based InstructionIn the Classroom: Styles and Strategies in PracticeTopics and Questions for Study and DiscussionSuggested ReadingsLanguage Learning Experience: Journal Entry 6 Personality Factors The Affective Domain Self-Esteem Inhibition Risk-Taking Anxiety Empathy ExtroversionMyers-Briggs Character TypesMotivation Instrumental and Integrative Orientations Intrinsic and Extrinsic MotivationThe Neurobiology of AffectMeasuring Affective FactorsIn the Classroom: Putting Methods into PerspectiveTopics and Questions for Study and DiscussionSuggested ReadingsLanguage Learning Experience: Journal Entry 7 Sociocultural Factors From Stereotypes to GeneralizationsAttitudesSecond Culture AcquisitionSocial DistanceCulture in the ClassroomLanguage Policy and Politics World Englishes ESL and EFL Linguistic Imperialism and Language Rights Language Policy and the "English Only" DebateLanguage, Thought, and CultureIn the Classroom: Toward a Principled Approach to Language PedagogyTopics and Questions for Study and DiscussionSuggested ReadingsLanguage Learning Experience: Journal Entry 8 Cross-Linguistic Influence and Learner Language The Contrastive Analysis HypothesisFrom the CAH to CLI (Cross-Linguistic Influence)Markedness and Universal GrammarLearner LanguageError Analysis Mistakes and Errors Errors in Error Analysis Identifying and Describing Errors Sources of Error Interlingual Transfer Intralingual Transfer Context of Learning Communication StrategiesStages of Learner Language DevelopmentVariability in Learner LanguageFossilizationForm-Focused InstructionError TreatmentIn the Classroom: A Model for Error TreatmentTopics and Questions for Study and DiscussionSuggested ReadingsLanguage Learning Experience: Journal Entry 9 Communicative Competence Defining Communicative CompetenceLanguage FunctionsFunctional SyllabusesDiscourse Analysis Conversation AnalysisPragmatics Language and GenderStyles and RegistersNonverbal Communication Kinesics Eye Contact Proxemics Artifacts Kinesthetics Olfactory DimensionsIn the Classroom: Communicative Language TeachingTopics and Questions for Study and DiscussionSuggested ReadingsLanguage Learning Experience: Journal Entry 10 Theories of Second Language Acquisition Building a Theory of SLA Domains and Generalizations Hypotheses and Claims Criteria for a Viable TheoryAn Innatist Model: Drashen's Input HypothesisCognitive Models Mclaughlin's Attention-Processing Model Implicit and Explicit ModelsA Social-Constructivist Model: Long's Interaction HypothesisFrom Theory to PracticeOut on a Limb: The Ecology of Language AcquisitionTopics and Questions for Study and DiscussionSuggested ReadingsLanguage Learning Experience: Final Journal Entry Bibliography
