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Full Description
This anthology brings together 45 selections by a wide range of philosophers and other thinkers, and provides a representative sampling of the approaches to the study of human nature that have been taken within the western tradition.
The selections range in time from the ancient Greeks to the 1990s, and in political orientation from the conservative individualism of Ayn Rand to the liberalism of John Rawls. Classic writings from the sixteenth through nineteenth centuries are here (Descartes, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Rousseau, and so on), but so are a wide range of twentieth-century writings, including a number of feminist voices, the biological theory of Edward O. Wilson, and the cultural materialist theory of Marvin Harris. A substantial selection of Christian views of human nature is a central part of the anthology.
The anthology is as notable for its depth as it is for its breadth; an important editorial principle has been to include a variety of substantial selections, thus allowing the reader to engage more readily with some of the complexities of each approach.
Contents
Ancient and Early Modern Views of Human Nature
Plato, Republic
Aristotle, Nocomachean Ethics; Politics
René Descartes, Principles of Psychology
Francois de la Rochefoucald, Maxims
Earl of Rochester, A Satire Against Mankind
Christian Views of Human Nature
St. Augustine, Confessions; On Free Choice of the Will
St. Thomas Aquinas, On the Virtues in General; On Free Choice
Martin Luther, The Freedom of a Christian
John Locke, The Reasonableness of Christianity; The Second Treatise of Government; A Letter Concerning Toleration
Joseph Butler, Fifteen Sermons
Immanuel Kant, Religion within the Limits of Reason Alone
Dietrich Bonhoeffer, A Testament to Freedom
Liberalism
Immanuel Kant, An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?
Antoine-Nicolas de Concordet, Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind
Wilhelm Von Humboldt, The Limits of State Action
J. S. Mill, On Liberty
L.T. Hobhouse, Liberalism
John Rawls, Political Liberalism
Conservative Individualism
Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince
Thomas Hobbes, The Leviathon
James Boswell, The Life of Dr Johnson; Samuel Johnson, The Rambler, The Idler
Simone Weil, The Need for Roots
Ayn Rand, For the New Intellectual
Michael Oakeshott, Rationalism in Politics
Dialectical Theories of Human Nature
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Discourse on the Origins of Inequality
G.W.F. Hegel, Phenomenology of Mind; Philosophy of Right
Karl Marx, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844; Thesis on Feuerbach; The German Ideology
Friedrich Nietzche, On the Geneology of Morals
Biological Theories
Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man
Edward O. Wilson, On Human Nature
Freud
Sigmund Freud, Character and Culture; Civilization and its Discontents
Behaviorism and Non-Self Theories
David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature
Julien de La Mettrie, Man a Machine
J.B. Watson, The Ways of Behaviorism; Behaviourism
Margaret A. Boden, Artificial Intelligence in Psychology
Daniel C. Dennett, Consciousness Explained
Feminism
Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Women
Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex
Juliet Mitcell, Psychoanalysis and Feminism; Women: The Longest Revolution
Carol Gilligan, In a Different Voice.
Katha Politt, Marooned on Gilligan's Island: Are Women Morally Superior to Men?
Some Contrary Voices
Jean Paul Sartre, Existentialism and Humanism
Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae
Twentieth-Century Views in Sociology and Anthropology
Ferdinand Tonnies, Community and Society.
Marvin Harris, Cultural Materialism; Our Kind.
Works Cited and Recommended Reading
