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In the aftermath of World War I there was furious agitation throughout Islam against the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire. Coupled with the powerful effect of the principle of self-determination, British indifference to Muslim sentiments gave rise to militant nationalism in Islam—which became de facto anti-Western. This detailed and convincing account describes British indecisiveness, policy contradictions, and how militant nationalism was aggravated by the Greek invasion of Smyrna and its ambition to create a Hellenic Empire in Anatolia with Britain's connivance.
Immediately after World War I there was a fair chance of mutual coexistence and good relations between Arabs and Jews in Palestine. This possibility was nipped in the bud by the military administration (1918-1920) responsible for the anti-Jewish riots in Jerusalem in April 1920. High Commissioner Herbert Samuel supported the Arab extremists in his misguided policy, and complicated the situation further. The appointment of Hajj Amin al-Husseini to the exalted post of Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, and subsequently to the presidency of the Supreme Moslem Council of the Palestinians, proved fatal to Arab-Jewish relations and to the possibility of peace.
As Friedman shows, the British administration of Palestine bears a considerable share of responsibility for the Arab-Zionist conflict in Palestine. Against this diplomatic background Arab-Jewish hostilities thrived, with consequences that endure today.
Contents
Acknowledgments, Introduction, 1 A Missed Opportunity, 2 Turkish-Arabic-Pan-Islamic League versus the British, 3 Egypt's Struggle for Independence, 4 Pan-Islamic-Bolshevik-Turkish Assault on Britain, 5 Anglo-Soviet Rivalry and the Rise of Nationalism in Afghanistan and in Persia, 6 Mesopotamia: A Futile Adventure, 7 Rejection of British Presence in Mesopotamia, 8 Rebellion in Mesopotamia, 9 Great Britain and the Greco-Turkish Conflict, 1918-1920, 10 Great Britain and the Greco-Turkish Conflict, 1920-1922, Heading toward War, 11 Great Britain, the Allies, and the Greco-Turkish War, 1921-1922, 12 Heading toward Disaster, 13 Inferno in Smyrna, 14 Was a Peaceful Coexistence between Arabs and Jews in Palestine Possible?, Index
