Full Description
Not long ago, the South Bronx and other devastated New York City neighborhoods had become legendary as the worst urban war zones, so infamous that busloads of foreign tourists would ask to be taken there to snap pictures of the rubble. What's more, the city's treasury was empty, and the federal government under Ronald Reagan was pulling back from its commitment to confront the nation's "urban crisis." In New Life at Ground Zero, Charles J. Orlebeke traces New York City's dramatic comeback in the '80s and '90s, focusing on one organization, the New York City Housing Partnership, which helped spark the recovery by building thousands of new homes for the ownership market in the South Bronx and throughout the city. As Orlebeke vividly recounts, this high stakes gamble was pulled off by a diverse cast of characters—sometimes working cooperatively, more often at odds in the nation's most complex and contentious political environment. Behind the facade of "public-private partnership" presented by retired banker and civic leader David Rockefeller and popular mayor Ed Koch in 1982, lay minefields of conflicting interests, bureaucratic roadblocks, and clashing personalities.
New Life at Ground Zero sets the stage for the emergence of the Housing Partnership with account of colliding views about how New York City should develop after World War II, whether as a gleaming "city of the future," or as the messier, human-scale city of neighborhoods envisioned by Jane Jacobs. Both views seemed irrelevant in the mid-'70s, as New York City plunged into near bankruptcy. From this civic ordeal would emerge the Housing Partnership, a business-led nonprofit developer that would combine large-scale rebuilding with relatively low-density neighborhoods of resident owners.
In telling the Housing Partnership story, Orlebeke draws on a careful analysis of internal documents and communications and on interviews with key partners, including city officials, Partnership staff, community activists, business leaders, homebuilders, and buyers. Still flourishing today, the Partnership has branched out into rebuilding abandoned rental buildings with neighborhood entrepreneurs, and is also sponsoring the development of new retail stores in places once written off as hopeless. As such, it stands out as a useful model of community revival for other cities to study and adapt to their own local circumstances.
Reflecting on the Housing Partnership achievement, the author taps into his experience as a public official and a student of urban policy and argues persuasively that this story is an early example of an increasingly potent, national community development movement that challenges the conventional pessimistic view of the urban prospect.
Contents
Foreword
Richard P. Nathan
Preface
1. A Groundbreaking in Brooklyn
New York City--Graveyard of Good Intentions
The Elusive Idea of Partnership
David Rockefeller and Ed Koch -- Wary Partners
2. Postwar New York: The Radiant City Meets Jane Jacobs
3. New York: City on the Ropes
4. After the Crisis: Groping for an Agenda
5. Moving Toward Partnership
Launching the Housing Partnership
6. In Search of a Blueprint
Housing Partnership -- Getting Organized
The "Implementation Plan"
New Homes for New York: Genesis of a Program
7. The Money Chase
Business Says No
Playing the Pierce Connection
Goign for a UDAG
The Ford Foundation Says No
8. The Elusive UDAG
The Project Fee Issue
Hitting the State
9. Getting to Production: Ceremonies and Realities
A Groundbreaking in Bedford-Stuyvesant
A Ribbon-cutting in Harlem
High Optimism, Slow Start
The Elusive "Good" Sites
Big Projections, Big Shortfalls
10. The Koch Housing Plan: Reading for New "Partners"
"Nobody Trusted Anybody Anywhere"
REBNY Strikes Out
11. Production Breakthrough
"Whose Program Is New Homes?"
The New Homeowners
The Nehemiah Plan: A Competing Implementation Model
12. Beyond New Homes: Expanding the Partnership Agenda
The Neighborhood Builder Program
A Non-"Minority" Minority Program
No Shortcuts
Rebuilding Neighborhood Economies
Neighborhood Entrepreneurs
The New York City Investment Fund
Prospects -- The Daunting 1990s Agenda
13. Community Development: The Making of a New Urban Policy Paradigm
Beyond the Anecdotal Success Story
The Community Reinvestment Act
Community Development Corporations -- "CDCs"
The Intermediaries
The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit
CDBG and HOME
Vacant Urban Land
14. Urban Homeownership and the Future of Cities
Subsidizing Homeownership: The Equity Issue
A Shorter Way Home
Appendices
A. NYC Housing Partnership Projects
B. NYC Housing Partnership Housing Activity by Borough
C. NYC Housing Partnership Development Process
Notes
