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基本説明
Describes the effects of man-made substances on the natural environment. Such effects have enormous consequences if mankind is to continue to enjoy the many benefits of chemicals on which we depend totally.
Full Description
The effects of man-made substances (xenobiotics) on the natural environment are described in this volume. It explains why these effects need to be understood, monitored and curtailed, especially in developing countries.
Contents
Part 1 Prologue; prologue. Part 2 Introductory chapters: factors altering the severity of adverse effects induced in animals and the people by environmental xenobiotics; xenobiotic mechanisms of pesticides and fertilizers in soil - a review; environmental xenobiotics - pesticides; xenobiotics in the Third World agricultural environment; environmental transformation in bioenergy production using anaerobic digestion. Part 3 Biomonitoring: integrative approach to aquatic environment biomonitoring; Cytochrome P-450 in pollution monitoring - use of Cytochrome p-450 1A (CYP1A) as a biomarker of organic pollution in aquatic and other organisms; immunoassays for rapid, inexpensive monitoring of agricultural chemicals; the role of algae in ecotoxicological tests; use of micro- scale aquatic toxicity tests in ecolabelling guidelines for general purpose cleaners; radiation sources and experimental conditions for testing for photodegradability of xenobiotics in surface waters - actual status and new developments. Part 4 Biodegradability: biological degradability testing; chlorinated acetanilides - biodegradation and toxicity in gram-negative cells; organic explosives as dangerous environmental xenobiotics - QSAR studies; environmental dynamics and ecotoxicology of human and veterinary drugs; carcinogenic xenobiotics in ecosystems and human health; environmental aspects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons originating mainly from coal-fired combustion systems and their monitoring requirements; distribution of mercury, lead and cadmium in Zagreb City soil; remains of World War I geochemical pollution in the landscape. Part 6 Management and regulatory aspects: management of environmental xenobiotics; environmental regulatory control of biocides, pesticides, and human and veterinary medicines. Part 7 Epilogue: epilogue.
